Non Verbal Communication free essay sample

Name: Sithembile Musemburi Assignment 1: What parts of non verbal correspondence are probably going to vary when individuals from various societies impart? Correspondence is a significant part of the human life, since the correspondence helps people and different creatures to associate with one another, as people and as autonomous gatherings. Correspondence serves various capacities; to scatter data, to communicate thoughts and feelings, for instruction, to assemble connections, for amusement and for dynamic purposes and is done verbally or non - verbally. Verbal correspondence includes the utilization of language, discourse and voice where as in non verbal correspondence the body does the coding for us in type of signals, outward appearances, stance, and paralanguage. This is the reason nonverbal correspondence is additionally named the non-verbal communication. Culture establish the totality of socially transmitted standards of conduct, expressions, convictions, organizations, and every single other result of human work and thought. These examples, attributes, and items are the declaration of a specific period, class, network, or populace. Subsequently examples, characteristics, and items considered concerning a specific people may not be treated in a similar respect to another individuals. This article looks to portray the parts of non-verbal correspondence that are probably going to contrast when individuals from various societies impart. Models will be attracted from various societies to show these distinctions in societies Samovar et al (2009), characterized correspondence in the accompanying way, â€Å"communication happens at whatever point significance is ascribed to conduct or the buildup of conduct. With this, various individuals from various societies can give various implications to conduct contingent upon how they got it. This announcement likewise underpins that we should be cautious about how we go about as somebody can offer significance to our activities whether they were cognizant or oblivious. Culture has been characterized by Hall (1974), as the medium advanced by people to endure. He further expres ses that nothing in our lives is liberated from social impacts. The manner in which individuals talk, dress, eat, walk is affected by their way of life. This clarifies why culture and correspondence can not be isolated as it greatly affects correspondence also. Culture isn't hereditarily characterized yet is learned through the general public we develop in. As a youngster develops in a network, they learn through perceptions and being trained what is satisfactory and inacceptable in that culture. This thusly shapes the estimations of that kid. Hoebel and Frost characterize culture as a, â€Å"integrated arrangement of educated standards of conduct which are normal for the individuals from a general public and which are not the aftereffects of organic legacy. Nature and setting one was raised in and lives in decides how we impart. Non verbal correspondence as per Samovar et al (2009) is,†any correspondence that includes non verbal upgrades that are produced by both the source and their utilization of nature and that have potential message an incentive to the source or beneficiary. † The practices that a great many people take part in intentionally and unwittingly add to non verbal correspondence. A reflex activity of conduct is activated during a discussion that can sell one out regardless of whether verbally they appear to be in concurrence with what is being said. Non verbal conduct can without much of a stretch substitute the verbal correspondence as it speaks to our actual feelings by and large Although Ekman et al (1975) proposes that some non verbal correspondence parts of outward appearances are all inclusive, there are numerous parts of non verbal correspondence which vary starting with one culture then onto the next. As much as outward appearances of outrage, dread, satisfaction, trouble, and shock are pretty much the equivalent among all societies there are some non verbal perspectives that mean very surprising things starting with one culture then onto the next which may have genuine repercussions to the sender and beneficiary whenever coded and decoded in obliviousness. An off-base signal or outward appearance can represent the moment of truth a business arrangement or proposition whether it was planned or not. As much as culture is various everywhere throughout the world, non verbal parts of correspondence will undoubtedly vary contingent upon where you are and where you are from. Those viewpoints incorporate yet are not restricted to the accompanying, outward appearances, head developments, hand and arm motions, physical space, contacting, eye to eye connection, and physical stances. Albeit grinning is comprehended as a declaration of joy in many societies, in certain societies like the Chinese it might mean something miserable or awkward is being examined. Be that as it may, in Bulgaria and Thailand, gesturing implies the inverse, a positive no. Physical space alludes to the separation which individuals feel great moving toward others or having others approach them. It tends to be ordered into the accompanying , close space saved for cozy relations, private or individual space for companions and family members, social space for coworkers , partners, at that point open space for outsiders. Individuals from specific nations, for example, portions of Latin America or the Middle East regularly feel good standing nearer to one another, while people of Northern European drop will in general incline toward a moderately more prominent separation. Ruch (1989) composes, â€Å"Typical Arab discussions are at short proximity. † He goes on further to state that;† closeness can't be avoided†. Despite the fact that is it is so with the Arab, they have special cases when to comes to chatting between a man and a lady as Samovar et al (2009) express that, In Arab societies a man isn't permitted to stand near a lady not even his significant other where as in western nations a couple signal their relationship by strolling next to each other. This implies relying upon one’s culture, separation now and again isn't really dictated by the relationship but instead by the sex of the individuals in question. This clarifies why in certain individuals would move away or step in a transport line when they feel one is standing really close therefore attacking their private space. The utilization of hands to impart can help understanding or prevent it, contingent upon the circumstance. Some hand signals that are famous in one culture have no importance or a completely extraordinary significance in another culture. A genuine model is the approval motion or the OK sign. These have revolting implications in Iran and Latin America, separately, yet in different nations the â€Å"OK sign methods just â€Å"zero†, which isn't hostile. In the Unites States it is utilized as a sign for endorsement and achievement, though the disapproval pass on the inverse. In Europe the approval is likewise a sign for farewell, or a welcome in passing, particularly among youngsters. Contact is additionally another part of non verbal correspondence that is socially decided and consequently can likewise be misconstrued and confounded. Contingent upon the specific circumstance or situation that prompted the touch, it sends across various messages. Various societies have various convictions on what parts of the body can be and can not be contacted. In Asians societies, the head is said to house the spirit so most Asians don't contact the head and don't need their heads contacted. A few Americans are irritated whenever addressed the head as they feel put down. Contact is utilized as an indication of solace, to stir, to demonstrate friendship, to welcome, to secure, to salute on work very much done and even to incite. Albeit a handshake is normal as a methods for welcome in many societies, as per Jones (n. d. ), ‘Never accept that somebody from another culture needs to shake hands by any stretch of the imagination. †This welcoming is exceptional to certain societies as such one ought not accept that it is an all inclusive signal of welcome. She further advices guys never to endeavor warmly greeting a lady from another culture except if she broadens her hand first. † This is credited to that contact between individuals of the other genders is limited in the Asian and Arab societies which are for the most part Muslim states so hand shakes are not suggested except if in any case showed. Kim (1992) additionally sees that Asians don't contact commonly during a discussion particularly between individuals of the other genders in light of the fact that numerous Asians societies don't have faith out in the open presentation of love and closeness.

How to Handle Medical School Application Rejection

Step by step instructions to Handle Medical School Application Rejection Most applications to clinical school get dismissed. Its a hard, miserable truth. When applying to clinical school, you have to acknowledge this chance and make a possibility arrangement on the off chance that your application isnt acknowledged. The best exhortation isâ to apply early. Assuming there is any chance of this happening, take the April MCAT and get the AMCAS application finished before summer begins or if nothing else before August beginnings. On the off chance that you hold up until August to take the MCAT just because, your application will be deferred until the scores are accessible. The entering class may have just been chosen before your application is finished! An early application may improve your odds of affirmation. In any event, a prior choice will assist you with getting ready for the next year. Dismissal Letter On the off chance that you get a dismissal letter, follow these means: Call or visit the Office of Admissions and inquire as to whether you can have an Admissions Counselor survey your application and offer you guidance for improving it for the following application cycle. Be polite and thankful. Follow the exhortation! Audit your own application and make notes of approaches to improve it.Take your application to your pre-prescription counselor or other scholarly guide and request that the person in question survey the application and recommend an approach to improve it.Take some activity that will show improvement in one years from now application. On the off chance that you get a meeting one year from now, hope to be asked what you did the entire year to help you on your profession way. Try sincerely with the goal that you can have an extraordinary response to this inquiry! Improving An Application These are regular methods for improving an application: Get higher MCAT scores. Keep in mind, a school sees your latest scores, which may not really be your most elevated scores. On the off chance that you are satisfied with your scores, dont retake the test except if you are sure you can improve them. Get more understanding. In the event that you were allowed a meeting, you likely left away with a feeling of how the questioner saw your experience. Assuming there is any chance of this happening, expand upon your past encounters. You may look for work in the clinical field.Consider taking more school courses, especially upper-level courses in technical disciplines. These extra courses could raise your evaluation point normal and will help fortify ideas. Take a gander at the composition on your application and make it far superior on the new application.Think hard about the letters of suggestion utilized for your application. On the off chance that you deferred your entitlement to survey these letters, would you say you are 100% positive th e letters were sparkling suggestions? Were the letters composed by regarded sources? You need new letters for the new application, so ensure your letters are extraordinary. On the off chance that you have any uncertainty about the nature of the letters on the dismissed application (an Admissions Counselor may educate you about this), consider not forgoing your entitlement to audit the letters for the new application cycle. In the event that you dont get acknowledged to clinical school, you have to reconsider your craving to turn into a doctor, just as your inclination and abilities. A ton of dismissed candidates never reapply. The individuals who find a way to improve their applications and afterward reapply significantly improve their odds of achievement. Entrance advisory boards like to see persistence! Getting a dismissal letter is dampening, indeed, however how you handle disappointment is your decision.

Intentional Relationships

Intentional Relationships Our relationship with food is complicated: you can get by without paying attention to food and its influence  on your life, but those who do recognize the effect  their diet has on every other aspect of their livesâ€"and who act upon that knowledgeâ€"tend to be more fulfilled on multiple levels. We can optimize our intake for vitamins and raw materials, ingesting our daily regimen in the form of sludge and pills like survivors in a dystopian future wholl take what they can get. Or we can magnify our enjoyment of our meals, homing in on the flavors that tantalize our tongues and flood us with pleasure chemicals, dismissing completely the health-related repercussions involved, because, after all, you only live once. We can also ignore what we eat completely, buying whatevers cheap, whatevers nearby, whatever is in the most brightly colored packages. We can pile a random assortment of things onto our plates and shovel it into our mouths, our minds never focused on the act, a little bit irritated that we have to take the time to do even that much. An intentional diet is different: it strikes a balance between the two extremes in that first exampleâ€"it  allows us to experience pleasure through the act of eating, while also enjoying the long-term benefits of healthy consumption. Unlike the second example, being conscious of what we eat reshapes something that could be a passive, drudgerous activity and makes it engaging, makes it worthwhileâ€"it makes it something we look forward to, and something we improve over time. Like our relationships with food, our relationships with other human beings can be complicated. We can optimize these relationships, reading self-help books and reducing the exercise to a math equation with numbers to carry and symbols to draw, all of them cloaking the complexity of something thats difficult to explain in formulae and numerals. We can hurl ourselves into the experience of knowing someone, perhaps quite intimately, without understanding how the process works or what exactly were feeling in the first place. Enjoying the moment, but never exploring how we interact with others beyond those moments. We can also ignore our relationships, accepting that they are a necessary component of our lives to some degree, but never investigating to see what role these connections might play  in our happiness, our education, our personalities, our growth, our stability. Intentionality means paying attention: It means doing things on purposeâ€"not passively, not reflexively, not because we have to. Doing something with the intention of getting as much out of it as possible, whatever that happens to mean in context. With food, it means ensuring youre eating well in the sense that youre intaking what your body needs, youre enjoying the process of eating rather than considering it a torturous undertaking, and youre eating in a way thats sustainable: not over-using resources, not eating too much or too little, not making it the only thing in your life, not relegating it to the role of a background character on your personal stage.  A balanced relationship. With people, intentionality is similar: It means striking a balance thats both sustainable and enjoyable. It means bringing other people into your life in a way thats healthyâ€"not co-dependent, but not isolating. Not trying to trick the system with gimmicks and acts, but not ignoring how you might improve your approach to meeting and interacting with others, either. Improving your connections, yes; but doing so based on strict instructions offered by someone with different needs and goals, no. Every relationship is different, as is every single persons needs: Some people opt for a more traditional, archetypal arrangement (whatever that might mean for the culture in which they were raised), while others aim for something slightly off-center. Still others prefer something so different from the norm that their model doesnt have a name yet. Whatever the case may be for you, consider how your relationships might be more intentional, more customized, for you and your needs. And then act upon that knowledge. Because although its wonderful to intend to be intentional, wanting to improve upon something is only putting on your shoesâ€"at some point you must step out the door and walk toward the goal youve identified. Colin Wrights new book, Some Thoughts About Relationships, is a book for people who want it all when it comes to relationships: something tailor-made for their unique beliefs, goals, desires, and lifestyles. It also includes a special foreword by Joshua Fields Millburn.

Intentional Relationships

Intentional Relationships Our relationship with food is complicated: you can get by without paying attention to food and its influence  on your life, but those who do recognize the effect  their diet has on every other aspect of their livesâ€"and who act upon that knowledgeâ€"tend to be more fulfilled on multiple levels. We can optimize our intake for vitamins and raw materials, ingesting our daily regimen in the form of sludge and pills like survivors in a dystopian future wholl take what they can get. Or we can magnify our enjoyment of our meals, homing in on the flavors that tantalize our tongues and flood us with pleasure chemicals, dismissing completely the health-related repercussions involved, because, after all, you only live once. We can also ignore what we eat completely, buying whatevers cheap, whatevers nearby, whatever is in the most brightly colored packages. We can pile a random assortment of things onto our plates and shovel it into our mouths, our minds never focused on the act, a little bit irritated that we have to take the time to do even that much. An intentional diet is different: it strikes a balance between the two extremes in that first exampleâ€"it  allows us to experience pleasure through the act of eating, while also enjoying the long-term benefits of healthy consumption. Unlike the second example, being conscious of what we eat reshapes something that could be a passive, drudgerous activity and makes it engaging, makes it worthwhileâ€"it makes it something we look forward to, and something we improve over time. Like our relationships with food, our relationships with other human beings can be complicated. We can optimize these relationships, reading self-help books and reducing the exercise to a math equation with numbers to carry and symbols to draw, all of them cloaking the complexity of something thats difficult to explain in formulae and numerals. We can hurl ourselves into the experience of knowing someone, perhaps quite intimately, without understanding how the process works or what exactly were feeling in the first place. Enjoying the moment, but never exploring how we interact with others beyond those moments. We can also ignore our relationships, accepting that they are a necessary component of our lives to some degree, but never investigating to see what role these connections might play  in our happiness, our education, our personalities, our growth, our stability. Intentionality means paying attention: It means doing things on purposeâ€"not passively, not reflexively, not because we have to. Doing something with the intention of getting as much out of it as possible, whatever that happens to mean in context. With food, it means ensuring youre eating well in the sense that youre intaking what your body needs, youre enjoying the process of eating rather than considering it a torturous undertaking, and youre eating in a way thats sustainable: not over-using resources, not eating too much or too little, not making it the only thing in your life, not relegating it to the role of a background character on your personal stage.  A balanced relationship. With people, intentionality is similar: It means striking a balance thats both sustainable and enjoyable. It means bringing other people into your life in a way thats healthyâ€"not co-dependent, but not isolating. Not trying to trick the system with gimmicks and acts, but not ignoring how you might improve your approach to meeting and interacting with others, either. Improving your connections, yes; but doing so based on strict instructions offered by someone with different needs and goals, no. Every relationship is different, as is every single persons needs: Some people opt for a more traditional, archetypal arrangement (whatever that might mean for the culture in which they were raised), while others aim for something slightly off-center. Still others prefer something so different from the norm that their model doesnt have a name yet. Whatever the case may be for you, consider how your relationships might be more intentional, more customized, for you and your needs. And then act upon that knowledge. Because although its wonderful to intend to be intentional, wanting to improve upon something is only putting on your shoesâ€"at some point you must step out the door and walk toward the goal youve identified. Colin Wrights new book, Some Thoughts About Relationships, is a book for people who want it all when it comes to relationships: something tailor-made for their unique beliefs, goals, desires, and lifestyles. It also includes a special foreword by Joshua Fields Millburn.

Factors Influencing Successful Health Information...

Healthcare facilities are now implementing to some kind of information system that has a computer-based entry and decision report. The use of this equipment will improve the quality of care, the security of their patients, and the way they can keep track with their information with a reporting system. When applying a new EHR system, there are some significant issues you need to take into account. Some of the encounters can be technological, sociological and organizational. A technological problem could be: will the system be easy to use, can there be incorrect data entered into the system, can the provider link or share data easily within the system by several vendors, will this data system be able to â€Å"support the regulatory, accreditation, and legislative reporting requirements† (Factors Influencing Successful Health Information Technology Implementation, April, 2011)? Some sociological problems could include: is the organization ready to make the change for implementati on or does the business have the practical abilities to implement the uses to be trained proficiently? Organizational problems could be: does the healthcare facility have personnel that are capable of knowing how the workflow of the facility is and what the restrictions are, and can they integrate the new system with the system they are now working with? After researching several different companies that offer EHR software, one stood out. That company was Cerner Corporation. Cerner Corporation is aShow MoreRelatedPhysician As Gatekeeper For The Deployment Of Telemedicine1631 Words   |  7 Pagesadoption and as greatest potential barrier to be overcome to expand telehealth services. A health care providers’ decision making process to acceptance and embrace new telehealth services is critical to improve physician engagement. Technology acceptance describes a person’s intention or voluntary adoption of a technology and user acceptance is an important factor for successf ul adoption and utilization of a technology. Whitten and Mackert have pointed out that the provider is the most important initialRead MoreNurse Informatics Specialist1300 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Technology allows health care providers to collect, store, retrieve and transfer information electronically. More specific discussion of IT in health care is challenging due to lack of specific definitions, the volume of applications and a rapid pace of change in technology. Information technology has the potential to improve the quality, safety and efficiency of health care. The health care system generally uses less IT than other industries. IT increases the ability of physicians, nursesRead MoreOrganizational Change Plan Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesis that of a hospital that provides veterans world-class benefits and services adhering to the highest standards, (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2010). Therefore, to provide and maintain excellence in care, it is necessary to im prove constantly. Health laws require documentation of nursing interventions performed and evaluation of the care given to ensure and improve nursing care quality (Muller-Staub, 2009). In 2001, the MVAMC changed the paper-based nursing documentation system to computerRead MoreA Policy Regarding Women and HIV/AIDS: An Evaluation, Analysis, and Revision1557 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿WOMEN WITH HIV/AIDS HOW A TOPIC BECOMES A POLICY INTRODUCTION The women health is a subject of global interest. People and organizations round the world have realized that the health of a woman means the health of a family. Thus efforts are made to make policy regarding women and HIV/AIDS. A prior paper in this regard has discussed formulation, legislation and implementation of the policy and this is a sequel discussing the evaluation, analysis and revision stags of the policy making in thisRead MoreHcs 571 Essay3296 Words   |  14 Pagesamp; Baker, 2007). The Electronic health record software system is one of the important operational priorities in the US healthcare. The change from paper-based record system to electronic record system supported by technologies and help for reducing errors and improving quality of care based on best practice. (Song, McAlearney, Lausanne, Robbins, amp; McCullough, 2011). Research a capital purchase of software for filing patient records costing more than $5000 Health care organizations have investedRead MoreEssay On Health Care Development1509 Words   |  7 Pagesa plan that has been developed with the purpose to promote successful discharges of senior patients who have been admitted to the hospital because they have suffered from an acute illness. My unit will be focused on how to support recovery to the patient’s best possible health status promoting seniors’ opportunities to return to their home after an acute hospitalization. I believe that this development design framework will be a successful planning template for creating medical step down unit. TheRead MoreClinical Report on Lewins Field Change Theory1453 Words   |  6 Pageschange each of which is necessary to examine during the implementation of change programs (Burnes Cooke, 2012). Lewin’s field theory involves a number of concepts that can be used as a guide to help understand the forces that comprise group dynamics within their life space or environme nt. Lewin’s framework also explains the totality and complexity of people’s behavior within a social setting that can be modified to bring about successful change. In the article entitled â€Å"Lewin’s Theory of PlannedRead MoreElectronic Health Record System Is No Exemption2039 Words   |  9 Pagessystem is no exemption. The critics have raised an important question of the benefits of the electronic health record system towards both the health care and physicians. The critics have argued that though this electronic health record system can help in saving money, but on the other hand it may not be a financially benefit to the physicians who opt to buy the system. The price tags for electronic health record system vary and depend largely on what is included and how vigorous it is. Although it is believedRead MoreEffective Management Of Organizational Standards Of Practice Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizational standards of practice, in a two part case study. The following is part 1 of the leadership case study addressing: leadership and current healthcare environment, leadership and patient outcomes, and leadership and change management. Information for the case study was gathered by a personal interview conducted September 1, 2016. I selected Robin Shepherd, Chief Nursing Officer, for the interview, at the facility I’m employed. Robin offered a well-rounded, complete, and thorough image ofRead MoreThe Marketing Strategies And Framework Implemented By Tesco Plc1490 Words   |  6 Pagesover the years it has developed and now has branches in finance, insurance, technology and many more. The variety and value for money that Tesco is able to offer its consumers has allowed them to secure the position of number one retailer in the UK in 2015 in ter ms of consumer choice and revenues. As a marketing consultant for Tesco PLC, it is the intention of this report to analyse the macro environmental factors influencing the company, their target market, their current market position within the

The Reason USA got Involved in Vietnam - 1430 Words

The Reason USA got Involved in Vietnam At the beginning of World War 2 Vietnam, a small country to the south of China, was under the control of the French. However, The Chinese had control before the war. The Chinese rule had influenced the Vietnamese who based their everyday lives on the Chinese ways of life. E.g. Language, as the French took power Vietnam had to take a dramatic change in the way that they lived. They had to become Catholic, like the French, which was not very popular as they had already become Buddhist and were not ready to change their religion. The Vietnamese started to attack the Catholic priests to try and keep Vietnam as a Buddhist country. As a result to the actions taken†¦show more content†¦America offered financial backing and stability to any country that accepted capitalism and became democratic. Truman felt that a lot of communist countries would be competing for power in and around Europe so he thought it was Americas duty to protect Europe from this competition and save it from communism. However, they also felt that it was vital to stop communism in Vietnam and to stop Ho Chi Minh. In America they created and passed the Alien act, which prohibited anyone from plotting against the government. It was passed because of the feeling o undermining over the American communist party. So, The American people were encouraged to accuse others of holding left wing views. The leaders of the American communist party were arrested. Previous to Vietnam, The USA had already tried to ban communism in Korea and Cuba. During the Korean war North Korea was communist whereas the south was anti-communist. Russia and the peoples republic of China assisted the north. The south however, was assisted by three major world powers. USA, Britain and France. June 25th 1950 - North Korea sent 135,000 troops into the south. President Truman decided that he would help the south so he sent in ships and advisors along with troops to try and cut short the journey made by the northern troops and force them back up north. McArthur wanted to send theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The War in Vietnam1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe War in Vietnam America became increasingly involved in the war in Vietnam, mainly because of the domino theory, the fear of the spread of communism. If South Vietnam fell to the communist the US feared that communism would spread throughout Asia and to neighbouring countries. The influence of the previous presidents also caused another main reason for the US to become more involved in Vietnam. But there is one underlining fact; if the ‘French had not left, AmericaRead MoreUnited States Involvement in Vietnam Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesStates Involvement in Vietnam The end of World War Two was the beginning of Americas worries about Communism. They feared that it would spread throughout the countries of the world. Because of this President Truman made the Truman Doctrine. This said that America would help any nation threatened by Communism. He said that he would lead containment in the spread of Communism and the Soviet Unions expansion. The doctrine came from the USA believing that EasternRead MoreThe United States Involvement In The War In Vietnam Essay examples1731 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States Involvement In The War In Vietnam There were many reasons why the US became increasingly involved in the Vietnam War, and when all linked together they explain why. In this essay I will explain all aspects of why the US got involved and then I will summarise all the points at the end. Since the 1880’s, France had controlled an area of eastern Asia called Indo-China, which consisted of Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. In 1940, France was at war with GermanyRead MoreEssay on The Cold War from 1950-19801739 Words   |  7 PagesCold War spread from the traditional playing field of Europe to other parts of the world. However it is quite clear that the USA and the Soviet Union played only a marginal role in originating these conflicts-at the most setting up the basic framework for it to occur. Furthermore, when they did get involved they each did so to varying degrees. The USA seemed to be much more motivated and interested in involving themselves, while the Soviet Union was more apprehensive. ThereforeRead MoreUnited States Withdrawal From Vietnam Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States Withdrawal From Vietnam America went to war in Vietnam with an aim of destroying the Vietcong to protect South Vietnam from Communism. America was against communism and they wanted to stop the spread of it. They did not achieve what they set out to do as they had many boundaries in their way. Events both inside and outside of Vietnam led to the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam. I am going to be looking at the reasons as to why American troopsRead MoreMilitary Tactics used by the USA and the Vietcong Essay968 Words   |  4 PagesMilitary Tactics used by the USA and the Vietcong The USA was a richer 1st world country than Vietnam, meaning it was better equipped for a military attacks. It had: more and better weapons; better access to well trained soldiers; a good military understanding; good transportation and was generally better equipped for traditional styles of warfare. Vietnam was a 3rd world country. It had: limited access to weapons; few funds to train soldiers and a poorer militaryRead MoreWhat Is Civil Conflict Intervention? Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesCivil Conflict Intervention? Civil intervention is a sensitive topic to discuss. Is it the obligation of other countries to get involved with civil affairs that take place in foreign lands? Is there a responsibility amongst the international community to aid people, who’s rights have been violated? Many people would argue yes to these questions; however, there are several reasons why countries should never intervene in civil conflict. The words that must first be outlined and understood to properly toRead MoreAssessment of United States Performance in the Vietnam War Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesAssessment of United States Performance in the Vietnam War The quote is saying that the USA should have won the Vietnam War because they had better weapons and better trained soldiers than the Vietcong. This can be split into 2 parts: ‘America should have won’ and, ‘America had better weapons and training than the Vietcong’. I agree with the first part because America should have won the Vietnam War as they are very powerful. I disagree with the second part because Read MoreWhy the United Sates Became Increasingly Involved in the Vietnam War1383 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the United Sates Became Increasingly Involved in the Vietnam War The United States became involved in the war in Vietnam for many reasons. The main reason of which is the Cold War. No fighting between the two countries actually took place due to both countries owning nuclear weapons which were used as a deterrent but got at each other by involving themselves in the issues of other countries that had a knock on effect on each other. The Cold War was a war that initiated Read MoreCommitment Trap1030 Words   |  5 PagesWith regards to Vietnam under Kennedys presidency, there are many arguments both for and against the idea of commitment trap, Kennedy certainly escalated military involvement in Vietnam but did he have a choice? Or had his predecessors committed him in Vietnam long before he came into the Whitehouse? There is no doubt that Johnson was the one who fully placed ground troops in Vietnam in 65 and created his legacy of Johnsons war, but did any of the previous presidents give him any other option

Applications of Biometrics in Cloud Security Free Essays

string(155) " is a criterion for the biometric security that indicates requirements for unique characteristics of each person in the world, which cannot be replicated\." CHAPTER ONE 1. 1 INTRODUCTION The success of modern day technologies highly depends on its effectiveness of the world’s norms, its ease of use by end users and most importantly its degree of information security and control. Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Applications of Biometrics in Cloud Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure ‘in the cloud’ that supports them [15, 16]. Authentication, thus, becomes pretty important for cloud security. Biometric is the most secure and convenient authentication tool. It cannot be borrowed, stolen, or forgotten and forging one is practically impossible. The term comes from the Greek words bios (life) and metrikos (measure). To make a personal recognition, biometrics relies on who you are or what you do—as opposed to what you know. OBJECTIVES 1 To know and understand the meaning of biometric, its uses, the characteristics and also its advantages and challenges. To know and understand the full meaning of cloud computing its type and its service providers 3 To explain the about cloud security and its shortfalls 4 To know how biometric technology can be applied to enhance security in cloud computing CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 BIOMETRICS The word â€Å"biometrics† comes from the Greek language and is derived from the words bio (life) and metric (to measure). Biometrics (or biometric authentication) refers to the identi fication of humans by their characteristics or traits. Computer science, biometrics to be specific, is used as a form of identification [1]. Biometrics is automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioural characteristic [2]. Biometrics offers new perspectives in high-security applications while supporting natural, user-friendly and fast authentication. Biometric technology uses these characteristics to identify individuals automatically1. Ideally the characteristic should be universally present, unique to the individual, stable over time and easily measurable [5]. 2. Biometric systems A biometric system provides an automated method of recognizing an individual based on the individual’s biometric. A biometric is a measurement of a biological characteristic such as fingerprint, iris pattern, retina image, face or hand geometry; or a behavioural characteristic such as voice, gait or signature. Behavioural biometrics are related to the behaviour of a Person, including but not limited to: typing rhythm, gait, and voice. Some researchers have coined the term behaviourmetrics to describe the behaviour class of biometrics [1]. A biometric system is essentially a pattern-recognition system that recognizes a person based on a feature vector derived from a specific physiological or behavioural characteristic that the person possesses [3]. Biometric systems can be used in two different modes. Identity verification occurs when the user claims to be already enrolled in the system (presents an ID card or login name); in this case the biometric data obtained from the user is compared to the user’s data already stored in the database Identification (also called search) occurs when the identity of the user is a priori unknown. In this case the user’s biometric data is matched against all the records in the database as the user can be anywhere in the database or he/she actually does not have to be there at all [4]. The combination of biometric data systems and biometrics recognition/ identification technologies creates the biometric security systems. 2. 2 Biometric Authentication Authentication on the other hand, is a process where a known person’s live biometric is compared to a stored template of that person. For example, an individual’s identity is revealed to the biometric system upon entering a PIN (Personal Identification Number). To authenticate that this is the person associated with this PIN, a live biometric is presented by the individual and compared to the template and a match is determined. This is known as a ‘one to one’ search. It is more accurate than the ‘one to many’ application and is the predominant biometric process in place today and the more privacy friendly of the two systems. This answers the question – Are you who you say you are? Two general uses of biometrics are identification and verification which both require the existence of reference data that the person’s measured traits will be compared with reference templates or raw data. During these processes, a biometric data sample is compared against the respective biometric data of every person enrolled in the database or against a single reference template of a particular enrolled individual in order to confirm the identity of that person respectively. When a biometric system correctly identifies a person, then the result of the identification process is a true positive, whereas if the system correctly rejects a person as not matching the respective enrolled template, the result is a true negative. Similarly, when the system incorrectly identifies or rejects a person then we speak about a false positive or a false negative. Fig 2. 1 Components of a Biometric Authentication System[31] 2. 3 BIOMETRIC SECURITY SYSTEM The biometric security system is a lock and capture mechanism to control access to specific data. In order to access the biometric security system, an individual will need to provide their unique characteristics or traits which will be matched to a database in the system. If there is a match, the locking system will provide access to the data for the user. The locking and capturing system will activate and record information of users who accessed the data. The relationship between the biometric and biometric security system is also known as the lock and key system. The biometrics security system is the lock and biometrics is the key to open that lock [11]. 2. 4 CRITERIA FOR BIOMETRIC SYSTEM[12] There are seven basic criteria for biometric security system: [12] * Uniqueness: uniqueness is considered as the priority one requirement for biometric data. It will indicate how differently and uniquely the biometric system will be able to recognize each user among groups of users . For instance, the DNA of each person is unique and it is impossible to replicate. * Universality: Universality is a criterion for the biometric security that indicates requirements for unique characteristics of each person in the world, which cannot be replicated. You read "Applications of Biometrics in Cloud Security" in category "Papers" For example, retinal and iris are characteristics will satisfy this requirement. Permanence: permanence parameter is required for every single characteristic or trait which is recorded in the database of the system and needs to be constant for a certain period of time period. This parameter will mostly be affected by the age of the user * Collectability: The collectabi lity parameter requires the collection of each characteristic and trait by the system in order to verify their identification * Performance: performance outlines how well the security system works. The accuracy and robustness are main factors for the biometric security system. These factors will decide the performance of the biometric security system * Acceptability: The acceptability parameter will choose fields in which biometric technologies are acceptable. * Circumvention: circumvention will decide how easily each characteristic and trait provided by the user can lead to failure during the verification process. DNA is believed to be the most difficult characteristic leading to the failure of the verification process [13]. Figure 2. 2 Basic Criteria for Biometrics Security System [26] 2. 5 TYPES OF BIOMETRIC systems Two classes of biometric methods are: 1) Physical Biometrics: Physiological biometrics is based on measurements and data derived from direct measurement of a part of the human body. * Fingerprint: Fingerprint recognition is one of the best known and most widely used Biometric technologies. Fingerprint recognition technology extracts features from impressions made by the distinct ridges on the fingertips. * Iris-scan: Iris recognition technology is based on the distinctly coloured ring surrounding the pupil of the eye. Iris recognition systems use a small, high-quality camera to capture a black and white, high-resolution image of the iris. Retina-scan: Retina recognition technology captures and analyses the patterns of blood vessels on the thin nerve on the back of the eyeball that processes light entering through the pupil. * Hand geometry: Hand geometry technology takes 96 measurements of the hand, including the width, height, and length of the fingers; distances between joints; and shape of the knuckles. * Facial recognition : Facial recognit ion technology identifies people by analysing features of the face not easily altered—the upper outlines of the eye sockets, the areas around the cheekbones, and the sides of the mouth.. Facial recognition can be used in both verification and identification systems. 2) Behavioural characteristics are based on an action taken by a person. Behavioural biometrics, in turn, are based on measurements and data derived from an action, and indirectly measure characteristics of the human body * Voice recognition: Voice authentication is unique and non-intrusive method and also the hardware requirements required for this type of authentication are cheap and are available readily. Microphones can be used for this purpose. However the back ground noise must be controlled, high storage is required for this kind of authentication. This type of authentication can also be extraneously influenced by once sore throat and cold. [7] * Keystroke-scan: Keystroke dynamics is a biometric based on the assumption that different people type in uniquely characteristic manners. Observation of telegraph operators in the 19th century revealed personally distinctive patterns when keying messages over telegraph lines, and telegraph operators could recognize each other based on only their keying dynamics [22]. Keystroke dynamics is known with a few different names: keyboard dynamics, keystroke analysis, typing biometrics and typing rhythms [22]. Currently users begin information to computer systems via physical keyboards or keyboards on touch screens. The main advantage of using keystroke dynamics is that it can be used without any additional hardware. Thus it is inexpensive. The user acceptance of a keystroke dynamics biometric system is very high, since it is not intrusive and users do not necessarily even notice that such a system is used [22, 27]. Signature Recognition: Signature recognition authenticates identity by measuring handwritten signatures. The signature is treated as a series of movements that contain unique biometric data, such as personal rhythm, acceleration, and pressure flow. In a signature recognition system, a person signs his or her name on a digitized graphics tablet or personal digital assistant. The technology can also track each person’s natural signature fluctuations over time. The signature dynamics information is encrypted and compressed into a template. One of the defining characteristics of a behavioural biometric is the incorporation of time as a metric – the measured behaviour has a beginning, middle and end [6]. A number of biometric methods have been introduced over the years, but few have gained wide acceptance. 2. 6 PERFORMANCE OF BIOMETRICS SYSTEMS The following are used as performance metrics for biometric systems [8]. * False Accept Rate FAR and False Reject Rate FRR: The FAR gives a measure of the probability that an individual will be ‘falsely accepted’ by the system (i. . that the system accepts someone who is not enrolled on the system, or makes an incorrect identification). The FRR indicates how likely it is that a legitimate user will be rejected. The balance between the FAR and the FRR greatly influences both the security and usability of the system. The False Rejection Rate (FRR) is usually caused by lighting, climate conditions, low quality equipment or inexperience. The False Acceptance Rate ( FAR) is caused by the security standard being too low [9]. False Match Rate FMR and False NonMatch Rate FNMR: A false match occurs when a system incorrectly matches an identity, In verification and positive identification systems, unauthorized people can be granted access to facilities or resources as the result of incorrect matches. That occurs when a subsequent reading does not properly match the enrolled biometric relating to that individual, something that results in Denial of Access to services. * The Crossover Error Rate (CER): The Crossover Error Rate (CER) is defined as the error rate of the system when the FAR and FRR are equal. Usually expressed as a percentage, the CER can be used to compare the performance of different biometric systems. * False enrol rate: This occurs when a person’s biometric is either unrecognizable, or when it is not of a sufficiently high standard for the machine to make a judgment, something that does not allow the user to enrol in the system in the first place. The fingerprints of people who work extensively at manual labour are often too worn to be captured. A high percentage of people are unable to enrol in retina recognition systems because of the precision such systems require. People who are mute cannot use voice systems, and people lacking fingers or hands from congenital disease, surgery, or injury cannot use fingerprint or hand geometry systems [10]. Applications of biometrics 2. 7ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRIC SECURITY [14] 1. The first advantage of using this new technology is the uniqueness and it is also the main characteristic which allows biometrics technology to become more and more important in our lives. With uniqueness of biometrics technology, each individual’s identification will be single most effective identification for that user. A chance of two users having the same identification in the biometrics security technology system is nearly zero. 2. Secondly, the highly secure way of identifying users makes this technology less prone for users to share access to highly sensitive data. For example, users can share their fingerprints, iris and so forth allowing other users access to secure information. Each trait used during identification is a single property of that user. In other words, it is extremely hard or impossible to make duplicate or share biometrics accessing data with other users. This makes it ever more secure allowing user information and data to be kept highly secure from unauthorized users. 3. This identification of users though biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten. This aspect of biometrics technology allows it to become more popular in its use. This method of identifying and giving access to user makes user identification a lot easier. Finally, most biometrics security systems are easy to install and it requires small amount of funding for equipment (except modern biometrics technology such as: DNA/retinal/iris recognition). . 8 CHALLENGES AND ISSUES Nothing is 100% secure, not even biometrics. Nevertheless, biometrics does provide the means to present security credentials that are unique. Unlike other systems that may rely on passwords or tokens that can be vulnerable to loss or exploitation, no one is going enter your live biometric as a means of impersonation Just as a firewall does not constitute a network security solution but rather a com ponent of a defensive strategy, biometrics could be viewed in the same manner. It is not enough to assume absolute verification with biometrics alone but rather as part of a well designed security implementation that considers strong two factor authentication. The second major threat is concerned with modification of the components of the authentication system. The capture device could be modified to output a different image to the one captured. Alternatively, it could be modified to create a denial-of-service (DoS) that will prevent legitimate users accessing the system (by smashing a camera, for example). The processes of emplate generation or template matching could be subverted to produce erroneous results; for example, a piece of malicious code could interfere with the template generation software to produce the attacker’s template rather than that of the legitimate user, or the matching process could be modified to produce an artificially high or low matching score. CHAPTER THREE 3. 1 CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud computing is a means of accessing computer facilities via the Internet, where the adjective â€Å"cloud† reflects the diagrammatic use of a cloud as a metaphor for the Internet. Most of us have been using cloud-computing facilities in one form or another for years through ordinary email and the World Wide Web. Recently, the term has come to reflect the use of software and the running of computer applications via the Internet where the computer infrastructure and software are not â€Å"on premises. † Cloud computing, as a form of service provisioning, has given rise to several related concepts, such as mesh computing, cloud platforms, and software plus service. Cloud Computing is a new computing model that distributes the computing missions on a resource pool that includes a large amount of computing resources. In a survey undertaken by the International Data Corporation (IDC) group between 2008 and 2009, the majority of results point to employing Cloud computing as a low-cost viable option to users [17] developers or research projects and even e-commerce entrepreneurs. Using Cloud computing can help in keeping one’s IT budget to a bare minimum. It is also ideally suited for development and testing scenarios. It is the easiest solution to test potential proof of concepts without investing too much capital. Using cloud computing service, users can store their critical data in servers and can access their data anywhere they can with the Internet and do not need to worry about system breakdown or disk faults, etc. Also, different users in one system can share their information and work, as well as play games together. Many important companies such as Amazon, Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Yahoo are the forerunners that provide cloud computing services. Recently more and more companies such as SalesForce, Facebook, YouTube, MySpace etc. also begin to provide all kinds of cloud computing services for Internet users . 2 TYPES OF CLOUDS [18] In providing a secure Cloud computing solution, a major decision is to decide on the type of cloud to be implemented. Currently there are three types of cloud deployment models offered, namely, a public, private and hybrid cloud. A. Public Cloud A public cloud is a model which allows users’ access to the cloud via interfaces using mainstream web brows ers. It’s typically based on a pay-per-use model, similar to a prepaid electricity metering system which is flexible enough to cater for spikes in demand for cloud optimisation. This helps cloud clients to better match their IT expenditure at an operational level by decreasing its capital expenditure on IT infrastructure [19]. Public clouds are less secure than the other cloud models because it places an additional burden of ensuring all applications and data accessed on the public cloud are not subjected to malicious attacks. Therefore trust and privacy concerns are rife when dealing with Public clouds with the Cloud SLA at its core. B. Private Cloud A private cloud is set up within an organisation’s internal enterprise datacenter. It is easier to align with security, compliance, and regulatory requirements, and provides more enterprise control over deployment and use. In the private cloud, scalable resources and virtual applications provided by the cloud vendor are pooled together and available for cloud users to share and use. It differs from the public cloud in that all the cloud resources and applications are managed by the organisation itself, similar to Intranet functionality. Utilisation on the private cloud can be much more secure than that of the public cloud because of its specified internal exposure. Only the organisation and designated stakeholders may have access to operate on a specific Private cloud [20]. C. Hybrid Cloud A hybrid cloud is a private cloud linked to one or more external cloud services, centrally managed, provisioned as a single unit, and circumscribed by a secure network [20]. It provides virtual IT solutions through a mix of both public and private clouds. Hybrid Clouds provide more secure control of the data and applications and allows various parties to access information over the Internet. It also has an open architecture that allows interfaces with other management systems. . 3 CLOUD COMPUTING DELIVERY MODELS [18] The architecture of Cloud computing can be categorised according to the three types of delivery models, namely Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Software as a service (SaaS) and Platform as a service (PaaS). A. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Infrastructure as a Service is a single tenant cloud layer where the Cloud computing vendor’s dedicated resources are only shared with contracted clients at a pay-per-use fee. This greatly minimizes the need for huge initial investment in computing hardware such as servers, networking devices and processing power. They also allow varying degrees of financial and functional flexibility not found in internal data centers or with co-location services, because computing resources can be added or released much more quickly and cost-effectively than in an internal data center or with a colocation service [21]. B. Software as a Service (SaaS) Software as a Service also operates on the virtualised and pay-per-use costing model whereby software applications are leased out to contracted organisations by specialised SaaS vendors. This is traditionally accessed remotely using a web browser via the Internet. Software as a service applications are accessed using web browsers over the Internet therefore web browser security is vitally important. Information security officers will need to consider various methods of securing SaaS applications. Web Services (WS) security, Extendable Markup Language (XML) encryption, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and available options which are used in enforcing data protection transmitted over the Internet. C. Platform as a Service (PaaS) Platform as a service cloud layer works like IaaS but it provides an additional level of â€Å"rented† functionality. Clients using PaaS services transfer even more costs from capital investment to operational expenses but must acknowledge the additional constraints and possibly some degree of lock-in posed by the additional functionality layers [20] . The use of virtual machines act as a catalyst in the PaaS layer in Cloud computing. Virtual machines must be protected against malicious attacks such as cloud malware. Therefore maintaining the integrity of applications and well enforcing accurate authentication checks during the transfer of data across the entire networking channels is fundamental. Figure 3. 1 CLOUD COMPUTING MAP [18] 3. 4 CLOUD SECURITY Cloud computing have many advantages in cost reduction, resource sharing and time saving for new service deployment. While in a cloud computing system, most data and software that users use reside on the Internet, which bring some new challenges for the system, especially security and privacy. Since each application may use resource from multiple servers. The servers are potentially based at multiple locations and the services provided by the cloud may use different infrastructures across organizations. All these characteristics of cloud computing make it complicated to provide security in cloud computing. To ensure adequate security in cloud computing, various security issues, such as authentication, data confidentiality and integrity, and non-repudiation, all need to be taken into account. The biggest challenge in implementing successful Cloud computing technologies is managing the security. As with any new technology enhancements, criticisms are driven by fear of unknown variables and changes to current control procedures. How can cloud stakeholders ensure and promote the security of Cloud computing? In the Cloud Computing Services Survey conducted during August 08/09 by IDC IT group [17], users were asked to rate their issues and challenges experienced with Cloud computing. The results illustrate that security is the biggest concern. Security is the main issue users are concerned with when considering Cloud computing solutions. CHAPTER FOUR 4. 1 APPLICATION OF BIOMETRICS IN CLOUD SECURITY One of the Security risks in cloud computing according to Garfunkel [23] is hacked passwords or data intrusion. If someone hacks a password they get control over the resources. They can manipulate the information or disable the services. Furthermore, there is a possibility for the user’s email (Amazon user name) to be hacked (see [24] for a discussion of the potential risks of email), and since Amazon allows a lost password to be reset by email, the hacker may still be able to log in to the account after receiving the new reset password [25]. As an excellent storage scheme for tenants’ big data, cloud computing has been a hot issue for a lot of consumers, generally, tenants’ different data should be processed by different security modes. Biometric authentication has the advantage of exclusive for tenant in data access. When any registered cloud tenant , want to access the data stored in cloud, first, he must pass the cloud system check such as cloud_sys_checker A Hybrid biometric method can be developed by fusing finger prints and voice biometric methods. The fused value can be used as signal sign on for multiple resources provided by cloud. This encrypted data is used for authentication 4. 2BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM AS A CLOUD SERVICE: The authentication service provider maintains the biometric data base . The data has to be stored in encrypted format using cryptography on biometric for the security reasons 4. 2. 1ARCHITECTURE BIOMETRICS AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM A secure data access scheme based on identity-based Encryption and biometric authentication for cloud communication Cloud Services1 CS1 Cloud Services1 CS3 Cloud Services1 CS2 Biometric Authentication Service Org1 User1 User2 †¦ Org2 User1 User2 Fig4. 1: Biometric Authenticating System in cloud [30]. The user initially enrols with the biometric system which is provided by a cloud, once the identity is registered his/her biometric authentication details are stored in cloud service provider database. The authorization details are also entered at the registration time which is also encrypted. Whenever the user wants to use any cloud service user first uses the biometric authentication service rather than a traditional password mechanism. Once authenticated, the user is redirected to the actual cloud service for which he is authorized to use. 4. 3 A PROPOSED METHOD [29] Step1: Setup cloud side parameters . Initialization On the cloud service side, given a security parameter 2. Key generation When tenants are registered in cloud computing providers, each tenant will obtain a unique identity to identify him or her. The phase generates private key corresponding to given registered ID of every tenant in cloud computing. Step2: Generate tenant’s biometric template Cloud computing i s a pervasive service environment for tenants, different tenants have different security requirement. To these tenants who have special security concern on data can generate their biometric template and be stored in cloud database. Biometric authentication must be needed when someone wants to access the data. Step3: Encrypt cloud data Input: cloud data (which is created by cloud tenants and stored in the database of cloud platform), a private key (the cloud service providers), and an ID (the cloud tenant who want to access the data); output: encrypted cloud data. Step4: Biometric authentication As an excellent storage scheme for tenants’ big data, cloud computing has been a hot issue for a lot of consumers, generally, tenants’ different data should be processed by different security modes. Biometric authentication has the advantage of exclusive for tenant in data access. Step4: Biometric authentication As an excellent storage scheme for tenants’ big data, cloud computing has been a hot issue for a lot of consumers, generally, tenants’ different data should be processed by different security modes. Biometric authentication has the advantage of exclusive for tenant in data access. When any registered cloud tenant say, p, want to access the data stored in cloud, first, he must pass the cloud system check such as cloud_sys_checker. Then, cloud tenants use registered identity ID to create their biometric template and all of the created templates are stored in cloud_sys_database. In cloud data access, cloud tenant p must pass the biometric authentication performed by biometric matcher in cloud computing. Step5: Decrypt cloud data Input: encrypted cloud data ciphertext (which is generated in Step3), an ID (the cloud service provider’s), a private key (the cloud tenant who want to access the data), and output: the corresponding plaintext i. e. cloud data. CHAPTER FIVE 5. 1 SUMMARY In summary, as Biometrics allow for increased security, convenience we can say that fused biometric authentication system will be novel solution for authenticating users on cloud computing ,which can be provided as service on cloud . By following guiding principles discussed in this paper, a great deal of insecurities may be easily expelled, saving business owners’ valuable time and investment. Cloud computing has the potential to become a frontrunner in promoting a secure, virtual and economically viable IT solution. Future work and progress lies in standardising Cloud computing security protocols 5. CONCLUSION . Authentication is necessary in Cloud Computing. In order to seek a secure data access method for cloud tenants, a proposed method presented a secure data access mechanism based on identity-based encryption and biometric authentication in this paper, the mechanism set double protection for confidential data of cloud tenants, encryption will make the tenants data secur e against the peekers and biometric authentication will eliminate the maloperations over tenants data by root administrator in cloud service. The security of data is maintained even though the same application is shared by multitenant. To ensure the correctness of users’ data in cloud data storage, an effective and flexible biometric is proposed. i believe that data storage security in Cloud Computing, an area full of challenges and of paramount importance, is still in its infancy now, and many research problems are yet to be identified. This proposed method can be implemented with more security by using strong biometric m easures like eye. REFERENCES [1] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Biometrics [2] J. L. Wayman, â€Å"Fundamentals of Biometric Authentication Xhtp:/ww. engr. sisu. edu/biometrics/nbtcw. p 4] http://www. fi. muni. cz/reports/files/older/FIMU-RS-2000-08. pdf [6] http://www. indexbiometrics. com/physiological_or_behavioral. htm [7] http://ntrg. cs. tcd. ie [8] Cernet. â€Å"CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS†. [online] available: http://www. ccert. edu. cn/education/cissp/hism/039-041. html. February 2013 [9] V. Vijaya Kumari and N. Suriyanarayanan. â€Å"Performance Measure of Local Operators in Fingerprint Detection. † Academic Open Internet Journal, vol. 23, pp. 1-7, (2008). [10] www. gao. gov/cgi-bin/getrpt? GAO-03-1137T. February 2013 [11] Jain, A. K. ; Ross, A. Pankanti, S. , â€Å"Biometrics: a tool for information security† Volume: 1 Issue: 2, Issue Date: June 2006, page(s): 125 – 143 [12] Michael E. Schuckers, â€Å"Some Statistical Aspects of Biometric Identification Device Performance†, 2001 [13] Sandra Maestre, Sean Nichols â€Å"DNA Biometrics†, 2009 [14] Massimo Tistarelli and Marks Nixon, â€Å"Advances In Biometrics†, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 03029743 [15]Erdogmus, H. : Cloud Computing: Does Nirvana Hide behind the Nebula? IEEE Software 26(2), 4–6 (2009) [16] Leavitt, N. : Is Cloud Computing Really Ready for Prime Time? Computer 42(1), 15–20(2009) [17] Gens F, 2009,’ New IDC IT Cloud Services Survey: Top Benefits and Challenges’,IDC eXchange, viewed 18 February 2010, Accessed online @ http://blogs. idc. com/ie/? p=730. February 2013 [18]Ramgovind S, Eloff MM, Smith E,† The Management of Security in Cloud Computing† [Online] Available: http://uir. unisa. ac. za/bitstream/handle/10500/3883/ramgovind. pdf;jsessionid=75882F66B5AF28B3D640A3C5F9CFD837? sequence=1 February 2013 [19] A Platform Computing Whitepaper, ‘Enterprise Cloud Computing: Transforming IT’, Platform Computing, pp6, viewed 13March 2010. 20]Global Netoptex Incorporated, 2009, â€Å"Demystifying the cloud. Important opportunities, crucial choices† , [online] pp 4-14 Available: http://www. gni. com, February 2013 [21] Brodkin J, 2008, ‘Gartner: Seven cloud-computing security risks’, Infoworld, Accessed online@ http://www. infoworld. com/d/security-central/gartner-seven-cloud computing-Security-risks-853? page=0,1 February 2013 [22] J. Ilonen, Keystroke dynamics, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, http://www. it. lut . fi/kurssit/03-04/010970000/seminars/Ilonen. pdf (2003) [23] S. L. Garfinkel, â€Å"An evaluation of amazon’s grid computing services: EC2, S3, and SQS†, Technical Report TR-08-07, Computer ScienceGroup, Harvard University, Citeseer, 2007 [24] S. L. Garfinkel, â€Å"Email-based identification and authentication: An alternative to PKI? â€Å", IEEE Security and Privacy, 1(6), 2003 [25] Cloud Computing Security: From Single to Multi-Clouds [Online] Available: http://ieeexplore. ieee. org/stamp/stamp. jsp? tp=arnumber=614956 February 2013 [26] Rahultech â€Å"IT trends-latest/recent trends in information technology† 2010[online] available: How to cite Applications of Biometrics in Cloud Security, Papers