Non Verbal Communication free essay sample

Name: Sithembile Musemburi Assignment 1: What parts of non verbal correspondence are probably going to vary when individuals from various societies impart? Correspondence is a significant part of the human life, since the correspondence helps people and different creatures to associate with one another, as people and as autonomous gatherings. Correspondence serves various capacities; to scatter data, to communicate thoughts and feelings, for instruction, to assemble connections, for amusement and for dynamic purposes and is done verbally or non - verbally. Verbal correspondence includes the utilization of language, discourse and voice where as in non verbal correspondence the body does the coding for us in type of signals, outward appearances, stance, and paralanguage. This is the reason nonverbal correspondence is additionally named the non-verbal communication. Culture establish the totality of socially transmitted standards of conduct, expressions, convictions, organizations, and every single other result of human work and thought. These examples, attributes, and items are the declaration of a specific period, class, network, or populace. Subsequently examples, characteristics, and items considered concerning a specific people may not be treated in a similar respect to another individuals. This article looks to portray the parts of non-verbal correspondence that are probably going to contrast when individuals from various societies impart. Models will be attracted from various societies to show these distinctions in societies Samovar et al (2009), characterized correspondence in the accompanying way, â€Å"communication happens at whatever point significance is ascribed to conduct or the buildup of conduct. With this, various individuals from various societies can give various implications to conduct contingent upon how they got it. This announcement likewise underpins that we should be cautious about how we go about as somebody can offer significance to our activities whether they were cognizant or oblivious. Culture has been characterized by Hall (1974), as the medium advanced by people to endure. He further expres ses that nothing in our lives is liberated from social impacts. The manner in which individuals talk, dress, eat, walk is affected by their way of life. This clarifies why culture and correspondence can not be isolated as it greatly affects correspondence also. Culture isn't hereditarily characterized yet is learned through the general public we develop in. As a youngster develops in a network, they learn through perceptions and being trained what is satisfactory and inacceptable in that culture. This thusly shapes the estimations of that kid. Hoebel and Frost characterize culture as a, â€Å"integrated arrangement of educated standards of conduct which are normal for the individuals from a general public and which are not the aftereffects of organic legacy. Nature and setting one was raised in and lives in decides how we impart. Non verbal correspondence as per Samovar et al (2009) is,†any correspondence that includes non verbal upgrades that are produced by both the source and their utilization of nature and that have potential message an incentive to the source or beneficiary. † The practices that a great many people take part in intentionally and unwittingly add to non verbal correspondence. A reflex activity of conduct is activated during a discussion that can sell one out regardless of whether verbally they appear to be in concurrence with what is being said. Non verbal conduct can without much of a stretch substitute the verbal correspondence as it speaks to our actual feelings by and large Although Ekman et al (1975) proposes that some non verbal correspondence parts of outward appearances are all inclusive, there are numerous parts of non verbal correspondence which vary starting with one culture then onto the next. As much as outward appearances of outrage, dread, satisfaction, trouble, and shock are pretty much the equivalent among all societies there are some non verbal perspectives that mean very surprising things starting with one culture then onto the next which may have genuine repercussions to the sender and beneficiary whenever coded and decoded in obliviousness. An off-base signal or outward appearance can represent the moment of truth a business arrangement or proposition whether it was planned or not. As much as culture is various everywhere throughout the world, non verbal parts of correspondence will undoubtedly vary contingent upon where you are and where you are from. Those viewpoints incorporate yet are not restricted to the accompanying, outward appearances, head developments, hand and arm motions, physical space, contacting, eye to eye connection, and physical stances. Albeit grinning is comprehended as a declaration of joy in many societies, in certain societies like the Chinese it might mean something miserable or awkward is being examined. Be that as it may, in Bulgaria and Thailand, gesturing implies the inverse, a positive no. Physical space alludes to the separation which individuals feel great moving toward others or having others approach them. It tends to be ordered into the accompanying , close space saved for cozy relations, private or individual space for companions and family members, social space for coworkers , partners, at that point open space for outsiders. Individuals from specific nations, for example, portions of Latin America or the Middle East regularly feel good standing nearer to one another, while people of Northern European drop will in general incline toward a moderately more prominent separation. Ruch (1989) composes, â€Å"Typical Arab discussions are at short proximity. † He goes on further to state that;† closeness can't be avoided†. Despite the fact that is it is so with the Arab, they have special cases when to comes to chatting between a man and a lady as Samovar et al (2009) express that, In Arab societies a man isn't permitted to stand near a lady not even his significant other where as in western nations a couple signal their relationship by strolling next to each other. This implies relying upon one’s culture, separation now and again isn't really dictated by the relationship but instead by the sex of the individuals in question. This clarifies why in certain individuals would move away or step in a transport line when they feel one is standing really close therefore attacking their private space. The utilization of hands to impart can help understanding or prevent it, contingent upon the circumstance. Some hand signals that are famous in one culture have no importance or a completely extraordinary significance in another culture. A genuine model is the approval motion or the OK sign. These have revolting implications in Iran and Latin America, separately, yet in different nations the â€Å"OK sign methods just â€Å"zero†, which isn't hostile. In the Unites States it is utilized as a sign for endorsement and achievement, though the disapproval pass on the inverse. In Europe the approval is likewise a sign for farewell, or a welcome in passing, particularly among youngsters. Contact is additionally another part of non verbal correspondence that is socially decided and consequently can likewise be misconstrued and confounded. Contingent upon the specific circumstance or situation that prompted the touch, it sends across various messages. Various societies have various convictions on what parts of the body can be and can not be contacted. In Asians societies, the head is said to house the spirit so most Asians don't contact the head and don't need their heads contacted. A few Americans are irritated whenever addressed the head as they feel put down. Contact is utilized as an indication of solace, to stir, to demonstrate friendship, to welcome, to secure, to salute on work very much done and even to incite. Albeit a handshake is normal as a methods for welcome in many societies, as per Jones (n. d. ), ‘Never accept that somebody from another culture needs to shake hands by any stretch of the imagination. †This welcoming is exceptional to certain societies as such one ought not accept that it is an all inclusive signal of welcome. She further advices guys never to endeavor warmly greeting a lady from another culture except if she broadens her hand first. † This is credited to that contact between individuals of the other genders is limited in the Asian and Arab societies which are for the most part Muslim states so hand shakes are not suggested except if in any case showed. Kim (1992) additionally sees that Asians don't contact commonly during a discussion particularly between individuals of the other genders in light of the fact that numerous Asians societies don't have faith out in the open presentation of love and closeness.

How to Handle Medical School Application Rejection

Step by step instructions to Handle Medical School Application Rejection Most applications to clinical school get dismissed. Its a hard, miserable truth. When applying to clinical school, you have to acknowledge this chance and make a possibility arrangement on the off chance that your application isnt acknowledged. The best exhortation isâ to apply early. Assuming there is any chance of this happening, take the April MCAT and get the AMCAS application finished before summer begins or if nothing else before August beginnings. On the off chance that you hold up until August to take the MCAT just because, your application will be deferred until the scores are accessible. The entering class may have just been chosen before your application is finished! An early application may improve your odds of affirmation. In any event, a prior choice will assist you with getting ready for the next year. Dismissal Letter On the off chance that you get a dismissal letter, follow these means: Call or visit the Office of Admissions and inquire as to whether you can have an Admissions Counselor survey your application and offer you guidance for improving it for the following application cycle. Be polite and thankful. Follow the exhortation! Audit your own application and make notes of approaches to improve it.Take your application to your pre-prescription counselor or other scholarly guide and request that the person in question survey the application and recommend an approach to improve it.Take some activity that will show improvement in one years from now application. On the off chance that you get a meeting one year from now, hope to be asked what you did the entire year to help you on your profession way. Try sincerely with the goal that you can have an extraordinary response to this inquiry! Improving An Application These are regular methods for improving an application: Get higher MCAT scores. Keep in mind, a school sees your latest scores, which may not really be your most elevated scores. On the off chance that you are satisfied with your scores, dont retake the test except if you are sure you can improve them. Get more understanding. In the event that you were allowed a meeting, you likely left away with a feeling of how the questioner saw your experience. Assuming there is any chance of this happening, expand upon your past encounters. You may look for work in the clinical field.Consider taking more school courses, especially upper-level courses in technical disciplines. These extra courses could raise your evaluation point normal and will help fortify ideas. Take a gander at the composition on your application and make it far superior on the new application.Think hard about the letters of suggestion utilized for your application. On the off chance that you deferred your entitlement to survey these letters, would you say you are 100% positive th e letters were sparkling suggestions? Were the letters composed by regarded sources? You need new letters for the new application, so ensure your letters are extraordinary. On the off chance that you have any uncertainty about the nature of the letters on the dismissed application (an Admissions Counselor may educate you about this), consider not forgoing your entitlement to audit the letters for the new application cycle. In the event that you dont get acknowledged to clinical school, you have to reconsider your craving to turn into a doctor, just as your inclination and abilities. A ton of dismissed candidates never reapply. The individuals who find a way to improve their applications and afterward reapply significantly improve their odds of achievement. Entrance advisory boards like to see persistence! Getting a dismissal letter is dampening, indeed, however how you handle disappointment is your decision.

Intentional Relationships

Intentional Relationships Our relationship with food is complicated: you can get by without paying attention to food and its influence  on your life, but those who do recognize the effect  their diet has on every other aspect of their livesâ€"and who act upon that knowledgeâ€"tend to be more fulfilled on multiple levels. We can optimize our intake for vitamins and raw materials, ingesting our daily regimen in the form of sludge and pills like survivors in a dystopian future wholl take what they can get. Or we can magnify our enjoyment of our meals, homing in on the flavors that tantalize our tongues and flood us with pleasure chemicals, dismissing completely the health-related repercussions involved, because, after all, you only live once. We can also ignore what we eat completely, buying whatevers cheap, whatevers nearby, whatever is in the most brightly colored packages. We can pile a random assortment of things onto our plates and shovel it into our mouths, our minds never focused on the act, a little bit irritated that we have to take the time to do even that much. An intentional diet is different: it strikes a balance between the two extremes in that first exampleâ€"it  allows us to experience pleasure through the act of eating, while also enjoying the long-term benefits of healthy consumption. Unlike the second example, being conscious of what we eat reshapes something that could be a passive, drudgerous activity and makes it engaging, makes it worthwhileâ€"it makes it something we look forward to, and something we improve over time. Like our relationships with food, our relationships with other human beings can be complicated. We can optimize these relationships, reading self-help books and reducing the exercise to a math equation with numbers to carry and symbols to draw, all of them cloaking the complexity of something thats difficult to explain in formulae and numerals. We can hurl ourselves into the experience of knowing someone, perhaps quite intimately, without understanding how the process works or what exactly were feeling in the first place. Enjoying the moment, but never exploring how we interact with others beyond those moments. We can also ignore our relationships, accepting that they are a necessary component of our lives to some degree, but never investigating to see what role these connections might play  in our happiness, our education, our personalities, our growth, our stability. Intentionality means paying attention: It means doing things on purposeâ€"not passively, not reflexively, not because we have to. Doing something with the intention of getting as much out of it as possible, whatever that happens to mean in context. With food, it means ensuring youre eating well in the sense that youre intaking what your body needs, youre enjoying the process of eating rather than considering it a torturous undertaking, and youre eating in a way thats sustainable: not over-using resources, not eating too much or too little, not making it the only thing in your life, not relegating it to the role of a background character on your personal stage.  A balanced relationship. With people, intentionality is similar: It means striking a balance thats both sustainable and enjoyable. It means bringing other people into your life in a way thats healthyâ€"not co-dependent, but not isolating. Not trying to trick the system with gimmicks and acts, but not ignoring how you might improve your approach to meeting and interacting with others, either. Improving your connections, yes; but doing so based on strict instructions offered by someone with different needs and goals, no. Every relationship is different, as is every single persons needs: Some people opt for a more traditional, archetypal arrangement (whatever that might mean for the culture in which they were raised), while others aim for something slightly off-center. Still others prefer something so different from the norm that their model doesnt have a name yet. Whatever the case may be for you, consider how your relationships might be more intentional, more customized, for you and your needs. And then act upon that knowledge. Because although its wonderful to intend to be intentional, wanting to improve upon something is only putting on your shoesâ€"at some point you must step out the door and walk toward the goal youve identified. Colin Wrights new book, Some Thoughts About Relationships, is a book for people who want it all when it comes to relationships: something tailor-made for their unique beliefs, goals, desires, and lifestyles. It also includes a special foreword by Joshua Fields Millburn.

Intentional Relationships

Intentional Relationships Our relationship with food is complicated: you can get by without paying attention to food and its influence  on your life, but those who do recognize the effect  their diet has on every other aspect of their livesâ€"and who act upon that knowledgeâ€"tend to be more fulfilled on multiple levels. We can optimize our intake for vitamins and raw materials, ingesting our daily regimen in the form of sludge and pills like survivors in a dystopian future wholl take what they can get. Or we can magnify our enjoyment of our meals, homing in on the flavors that tantalize our tongues and flood us with pleasure chemicals, dismissing completely the health-related repercussions involved, because, after all, you only live once. We can also ignore what we eat completely, buying whatevers cheap, whatevers nearby, whatever is in the most brightly colored packages. We can pile a random assortment of things onto our plates and shovel it into our mouths, our minds never focused on the act, a little bit irritated that we have to take the time to do even that much. An intentional diet is different: it strikes a balance between the two extremes in that first exampleâ€"it  allows us to experience pleasure through the act of eating, while also enjoying the long-term benefits of healthy consumption. Unlike the second example, being conscious of what we eat reshapes something that could be a passive, drudgerous activity and makes it engaging, makes it worthwhileâ€"it makes it something we look forward to, and something we improve over time. Like our relationships with food, our relationships with other human beings can be complicated. We can optimize these relationships, reading self-help books and reducing the exercise to a math equation with numbers to carry and symbols to draw, all of them cloaking the complexity of something thats difficult to explain in formulae and numerals. We can hurl ourselves into the experience of knowing someone, perhaps quite intimately, without understanding how the process works or what exactly were feeling in the first place. Enjoying the moment, but never exploring how we interact with others beyond those moments. We can also ignore our relationships, accepting that they are a necessary component of our lives to some degree, but never investigating to see what role these connections might play  in our happiness, our education, our personalities, our growth, our stability. Intentionality means paying attention: It means doing things on purposeâ€"not passively, not reflexively, not because we have to. Doing something with the intention of getting as much out of it as possible, whatever that happens to mean in context. With food, it means ensuring youre eating well in the sense that youre intaking what your body needs, youre enjoying the process of eating rather than considering it a torturous undertaking, and youre eating in a way thats sustainable: not over-using resources, not eating too much or too little, not making it the only thing in your life, not relegating it to the role of a background character on your personal stage.  A balanced relationship. With people, intentionality is similar: It means striking a balance thats both sustainable and enjoyable. It means bringing other people into your life in a way thats healthyâ€"not co-dependent, but not isolating. Not trying to trick the system with gimmicks and acts, but not ignoring how you might improve your approach to meeting and interacting with others, either. Improving your connections, yes; but doing so based on strict instructions offered by someone with different needs and goals, no. Every relationship is different, as is every single persons needs: Some people opt for a more traditional, archetypal arrangement (whatever that might mean for the culture in which they were raised), while others aim for something slightly off-center. Still others prefer something so different from the norm that their model doesnt have a name yet. Whatever the case may be for you, consider how your relationships might be more intentional, more customized, for you and your needs. And then act upon that knowledge. Because although its wonderful to intend to be intentional, wanting to improve upon something is only putting on your shoesâ€"at some point you must step out the door and walk toward the goal youve identified. Colin Wrights new book, Some Thoughts About Relationships, is a book for people who want it all when it comes to relationships: something tailor-made for their unique beliefs, goals, desires, and lifestyles. It also includes a special foreword by Joshua Fields Millburn.

Factors Influencing Successful Health Information...

Healthcare facilities are now implementing to some kind of information system that has a computer-based entry and decision report. The use of this equipment will improve the quality of care, the security of their patients, and the way they can keep track with their information with a reporting system. When applying a new EHR system, there are some significant issues you need to take into account. Some of the encounters can be technological, sociological and organizational. A technological problem could be: will the system be easy to use, can there be incorrect data entered into the system, can the provider link or share data easily within the system by several vendors, will this data system be able to â€Å"support the regulatory, accreditation, and legislative reporting requirements† (Factors Influencing Successful Health Information Technology Implementation, April, 2011)? Some sociological problems could include: is the organization ready to make the change for implementati on or does the business have the practical abilities to implement the uses to be trained proficiently? Organizational problems could be: does the healthcare facility have personnel that are capable of knowing how the workflow of the facility is and what the restrictions are, and can they integrate the new system with the system they are now working with? After researching several different companies that offer EHR software, one stood out. That company was Cerner Corporation. Cerner Corporation is aShow MoreRelatedPhysician As Gatekeeper For The Deployment Of Telemedicine1631 Words   |  7 Pagesadoption and as greatest potential barrier to be overcome to expand telehealth services. A health care providers’ decision making process to acceptance and embrace new telehealth services is critical to improve physician engagement. 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The variety and value for money that Tesco is able to offer its consumers has allowed them to secure the position of number one retailer in the UK in 2015 in ter ms of consumer choice and revenues. As a marketing consultant for Tesco PLC, it is the intention of this report to analyse the macro environmental factors influencing the company, their target market, their current market position within the

The Reason USA got Involved in Vietnam - 1430 Words

The Reason USA got Involved in Vietnam At the beginning of World War 2 Vietnam, a small country to the south of China, was under the control of the French. However, The Chinese had control before the war. The Chinese rule had influenced the Vietnamese who based their everyday lives on the Chinese ways of life. E.g. Language, as the French took power Vietnam had to take a dramatic change in the way that they lived. They had to become Catholic, like the French, which was not very popular as they had already become Buddhist and were not ready to change their religion. The Vietnamese started to attack the Catholic priests to try and keep Vietnam as a Buddhist country. As a result to the actions taken†¦show more content†¦America offered financial backing and stability to any country that accepted capitalism and became democratic. Truman felt that a lot of communist countries would be competing for power in and around Europe so he thought it was Americas duty to protect Europe from this competition and save it from communism. However, they also felt that it was vital to stop communism in Vietnam and to stop Ho Chi Minh. In America they created and passed the Alien act, which prohibited anyone from plotting against the government. It was passed because of the feeling o undermining over the American communist party. So, The American people were encouraged to accuse others of holding left wing views. The leaders of the American communist party were arrested. Previous to Vietnam, The USA had already tried to ban communism in Korea and Cuba. During the Korean war North Korea was communist whereas the south was anti-communist. Russia and the peoples republic of China assisted the north. The south however, was assisted by three major world powers. USA, Britain and France. 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Applications of Biometrics in Cloud Security Free Essays

string(155) " is a criterion for the biometric security that indicates requirements for unique characteristics of each person in the world, which cannot be replicated\." CHAPTER ONE 1. 1 INTRODUCTION The success of modern day technologies highly depends on its effectiveness of the world’s norms, its ease of use by end users and most importantly its degree of information security and control. Cloud computing is a style of computing in which dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources are provided as a service over the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Applications of Biometrics in Cloud Security or any similar topic only for you Order Now Users need not have knowledge of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure ‘in the cloud’ that supports them [15, 16]. Authentication, thus, becomes pretty important for cloud security. Biometric is the most secure and convenient authentication tool. It cannot be borrowed, stolen, or forgotten and forging one is practically impossible. The term comes from the Greek words bios (life) and metrikos (measure). To make a personal recognition, biometrics relies on who you are or what you do—as opposed to what you know. OBJECTIVES 1 To know and understand the meaning of biometric, its uses, the characteristics and also its advantages and challenges. To know and understand the full meaning of cloud computing its type and its service providers 3 To explain the about cloud security and its shortfalls 4 To know how biometric technology can be applied to enhance security in cloud computing CHAPTER TWO 2. 0 BIOMETRICS The word â€Å"biometrics† comes from the Greek language and is derived from the words bio (life) and metric (to measure). Biometrics (or biometric authentication) refers to the identi fication of humans by their characteristics or traits. Computer science, biometrics to be specific, is used as a form of identification [1]. Biometrics is automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioural characteristic [2]. Biometrics offers new perspectives in high-security applications while supporting natural, user-friendly and fast authentication. Biometric technology uses these characteristics to identify individuals automatically1. Ideally the characteristic should be universally present, unique to the individual, stable over time and easily measurable [5]. 2. Biometric systems A biometric system provides an automated method of recognizing an individual based on the individual’s biometric. A biometric is a measurement of a biological characteristic such as fingerprint, iris pattern, retina image, face or hand geometry; or a behavioural characteristic such as voice, gait or signature. Behavioural biometrics are related to the behaviour of a Person, including but not limited to: typing rhythm, gait, and voice. Some researchers have coined the term behaviourmetrics to describe the behaviour class of biometrics [1]. A biometric system is essentially a pattern-recognition system that recognizes a person based on a feature vector derived from a specific physiological or behavioural characteristic that the person possesses [3]. Biometric systems can be used in two different modes. Identity verification occurs when the user claims to be already enrolled in the system (presents an ID card or login name); in this case the biometric data obtained from the user is compared to the user’s data already stored in the database Identification (also called search) occurs when the identity of the user is a priori unknown. In this case the user’s biometric data is matched against all the records in the database as the user can be anywhere in the database or he/she actually does not have to be there at all [4]. The combination of biometric data systems and biometrics recognition/ identification technologies creates the biometric security systems. 2. 2 Biometric Authentication Authentication on the other hand, is a process where a known person’s live biometric is compared to a stored template of that person. For example, an individual’s identity is revealed to the biometric system upon entering a PIN (Personal Identification Number). To authenticate that this is the person associated with this PIN, a live biometric is presented by the individual and compared to the template and a match is determined. This is known as a ‘one to one’ search. It is more accurate than the ‘one to many’ application and is the predominant biometric process in place today and the more privacy friendly of the two systems. This answers the question – Are you who you say you are? Two general uses of biometrics are identification and verification which both require the existence of reference data that the person’s measured traits will be compared with reference templates or raw data. During these processes, a biometric data sample is compared against the respective biometric data of every person enrolled in the database or against a single reference template of a particular enrolled individual in order to confirm the identity of that person respectively. When a biometric system correctly identifies a person, then the result of the identification process is a true positive, whereas if the system correctly rejects a person as not matching the respective enrolled template, the result is a true negative. Similarly, when the system incorrectly identifies or rejects a person then we speak about a false positive or a false negative. Fig 2. 1 Components of a Biometric Authentication System[31] 2. 3 BIOMETRIC SECURITY SYSTEM The biometric security system is a lock and capture mechanism to control access to specific data. In order to access the biometric security system, an individual will need to provide their unique characteristics or traits which will be matched to a database in the system. If there is a match, the locking system will provide access to the data for the user. The locking and capturing system will activate and record information of users who accessed the data. The relationship between the biometric and biometric security system is also known as the lock and key system. The biometrics security system is the lock and biometrics is the key to open that lock [11]. 2. 4 CRITERIA FOR BIOMETRIC SYSTEM[12] There are seven basic criteria for biometric security system: [12] * Uniqueness: uniqueness is considered as the priority one requirement for biometric data. It will indicate how differently and uniquely the biometric system will be able to recognize each user among groups of users . For instance, the DNA of each person is unique and it is impossible to replicate. * Universality: Universality is a criterion for the biometric security that indicates requirements for unique characteristics of each person in the world, which cannot be replicated. You read "Applications of Biometrics in Cloud Security" in category "Papers" For example, retinal and iris are characteristics will satisfy this requirement. Permanence: permanence parameter is required for every single characteristic or trait which is recorded in the database of the system and needs to be constant for a certain period of time period. This parameter will mostly be affected by the age of the user * Collectability: The collectabi lity parameter requires the collection of each characteristic and trait by the system in order to verify their identification * Performance: performance outlines how well the security system works. The accuracy and robustness are main factors for the biometric security system. These factors will decide the performance of the biometric security system * Acceptability: The acceptability parameter will choose fields in which biometric technologies are acceptable. * Circumvention: circumvention will decide how easily each characteristic and trait provided by the user can lead to failure during the verification process. DNA is believed to be the most difficult characteristic leading to the failure of the verification process [13]. Figure 2. 2 Basic Criteria for Biometrics Security System [26] 2. 5 TYPES OF BIOMETRIC systems Two classes of biometric methods are: 1) Physical Biometrics: Physiological biometrics is based on measurements and data derived from direct measurement of a part of the human body. * Fingerprint: Fingerprint recognition is one of the best known and most widely used Biometric technologies. Fingerprint recognition technology extracts features from impressions made by the distinct ridges on the fingertips. * Iris-scan: Iris recognition technology is based on the distinctly coloured ring surrounding the pupil of the eye. Iris recognition systems use a small, high-quality camera to capture a black and white, high-resolution image of the iris. Retina-scan: Retina recognition technology captures and analyses the patterns of blood vessels on the thin nerve on the back of the eyeball that processes light entering through the pupil. * Hand geometry: Hand geometry technology takes 96 measurements of the hand, including the width, height, and length of the fingers; distances between joints; and shape of the knuckles. * Facial recognition : Facial recognit ion technology identifies people by analysing features of the face not easily altered—the upper outlines of the eye sockets, the areas around the cheekbones, and the sides of the mouth.. Facial recognition can be used in both verification and identification systems. 2) Behavioural characteristics are based on an action taken by a person. Behavioural biometrics, in turn, are based on measurements and data derived from an action, and indirectly measure characteristics of the human body * Voice recognition: Voice authentication is unique and non-intrusive method and also the hardware requirements required for this type of authentication are cheap and are available readily. Microphones can be used for this purpose. However the back ground noise must be controlled, high storage is required for this kind of authentication. This type of authentication can also be extraneously influenced by once sore throat and cold. [7] * Keystroke-scan: Keystroke dynamics is a biometric based on the assumption that different people type in uniquely characteristic manners. Observation of telegraph operators in the 19th century revealed personally distinctive patterns when keying messages over telegraph lines, and telegraph operators could recognize each other based on only their keying dynamics [22]. Keystroke dynamics is known with a few different names: keyboard dynamics, keystroke analysis, typing biometrics and typing rhythms [22]. Currently users begin information to computer systems via physical keyboards or keyboards on touch screens. The main advantage of using keystroke dynamics is that it can be used without any additional hardware. Thus it is inexpensive. The user acceptance of a keystroke dynamics biometric system is very high, since it is not intrusive and users do not necessarily even notice that such a system is used [22, 27]. Signature Recognition: Signature recognition authenticates identity by measuring handwritten signatures. The signature is treated as a series of movements that contain unique biometric data, such as personal rhythm, acceleration, and pressure flow. In a signature recognition system, a person signs his or her name on a digitized graphics tablet or personal digital assistant. The technology can also track each person’s natural signature fluctuations over time. The signature dynamics information is encrypted and compressed into a template. One of the defining characteristics of a behavioural biometric is the incorporation of time as a metric – the measured behaviour has a beginning, middle and end [6]. A number of biometric methods have been introduced over the years, but few have gained wide acceptance. 2. 6 PERFORMANCE OF BIOMETRICS SYSTEMS The following are used as performance metrics for biometric systems [8]. * False Accept Rate FAR and False Reject Rate FRR: The FAR gives a measure of the probability that an individual will be ‘falsely accepted’ by the system (i. . that the system accepts someone who is not enrolled on the system, or makes an incorrect identification). The FRR indicates how likely it is that a legitimate user will be rejected. The balance between the FAR and the FRR greatly influences both the security and usability of the system. The False Rejection Rate (FRR) is usually caused by lighting, climate conditions, low quality equipment or inexperience. The False Acceptance Rate ( FAR) is caused by the security standard being too low [9]. False Match Rate FMR and False NonMatch Rate FNMR: A false match occurs when a system incorrectly matches an identity, In verification and positive identification systems, unauthorized people can be granted access to facilities or resources as the result of incorrect matches. That occurs when a subsequent reading does not properly match the enrolled biometric relating to that individual, something that results in Denial of Access to services. * The Crossover Error Rate (CER): The Crossover Error Rate (CER) is defined as the error rate of the system when the FAR and FRR are equal. Usually expressed as a percentage, the CER can be used to compare the performance of different biometric systems. * False enrol rate: This occurs when a person’s biometric is either unrecognizable, or when it is not of a sufficiently high standard for the machine to make a judgment, something that does not allow the user to enrol in the system in the first place. The fingerprints of people who work extensively at manual labour are often too worn to be captured. A high percentage of people are unable to enrol in retina recognition systems because of the precision such systems require. People who are mute cannot use voice systems, and people lacking fingers or hands from congenital disease, surgery, or injury cannot use fingerprint or hand geometry systems [10]. Applications of biometrics 2. 7ADVANTAGES OF BIOMETRIC SECURITY [14] 1. The first advantage of using this new technology is the uniqueness and it is also the main characteristic which allows biometrics technology to become more and more important in our lives. With uniqueness of biometrics technology, each individual’s identification will be single most effective identification for that user. A chance of two users having the same identification in the biometrics security technology system is nearly zero. 2. Secondly, the highly secure way of identifying users makes this technology less prone for users to share access to highly sensitive data. For example, users can share their fingerprints, iris and so forth allowing other users access to secure information. Each trait used during identification is a single property of that user. In other words, it is extremely hard or impossible to make duplicate or share biometrics accessing data with other users. This makes it ever more secure allowing user information and data to be kept highly secure from unauthorized users. 3. This identification of users though biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten. This aspect of biometrics technology allows it to become more popular in its use. This method of identifying and giving access to user makes user identification a lot easier. Finally, most biometrics security systems are easy to install and it requires small amount of funding for equipment (except modern biometrics technology such as: DNA/retinal/iris recognition). . 8 CHALLENGES AND ISSUES Nothing is 100% secure, not even biometrics. Nevertheless, biometrics does provide the means to present security credentials that are unique. Unlike other systems that may rely on passwords or tokens that can be vulnerable to loss or exploitation, no one is going enter your live biometric as a means of impersonation Just as a firewall does not constitute a network security solution but rather a com ponent of a defensive strategy, biometrics could be viewed in the same manner. It is not enough to assume absolute verification with biometrics alone but rather as part of a well designed security implementation that considers strong two factor authentication. The second major threat is concerned with modification of the components of the authentication system. The capture device could be modified to output a different image to the one captured. Alternatively, it could be modified to create a denial-of-service (DoS) that will prevent legitimate users accessing the system (by smashing a camera, for example). The processes of emplate generation or template matching could be subverted to produce erroneous results; for example, a piece of malicious code could interfere with the template generation software to produce the attacker’s template rather than that of the legitimate user, or the matching process could be modified to produce an artificially high or low matching score. CHAPTER THREE 3. 1 CLOUD COMPUTING Cloud computing is a means of accessing computer facilities via the Internet, where the adjective â€Å"cloud† reflects the diagrammatic use of a cloud as a metaphor for the Internet. Most of us have been using cloud-computing facilities in one form or another for years through ordinary email and the World Wide Web. Recently, the term has come to reflect the use of software and the running of computer applications via the Internet where the computer infrastructure and software are not â€Å"on premises. † Cloud computing, as a form of service provisioning, has given rise to several related concepts, such as mesh computing, cloud platforms, and software plus service. Cloud Computing is a new computing model that distributes the computing missions on a resource pool that includes a large amount of computing resources. In a survey undertaken by the International Data Corporation (IDC) group between 2008 and 2009, the majority of results point to employing Cloud computing as a low-cost viable option to users [17] developers or research projects and even e-commerce entrepreneurs. Using Cloud computing can help in keeping one’s IT budget to a bare minimum. It is also ideally suited for development and testing scenarios. It is the easiest solution to test potential proof of concepts without investing too much capital. Using cloud computing service, users can store their critical data in servers and can access their data anywhere they can with the Internet and do not need to worry about system breakdown or disk faults, etc. Also, different users in one system can share their information and work, as well as play games together. Many important companies such as Amazon, Google, IBM, Microsoft, and Yahoo are the forerunners that provide cloud computing services. Recently more and more companies such as SalesForce, Facebook, YouTube, MySpace etc. also begin to provide all kinds of cloud computing services for Internet users . 2 TYPES OF CLOUDS [18] In providing a secure Cloud computing solution, a major decision is to decide on the type of cloud to be implemented. Currently there are three types of cloud deployment models offered, namely, a public, private and hybrid cloud. A. Public Cloud A public cloud is a model which allows users’ access to the cloud via interfaces using mainstream web brows ers. It’s typically based on a pay-per-use model, similar to a prepaid electricity metering system which is flexible enough to cater for spikes in demand for cloud optimisation. This helps cloud clients to better match their IT expenditure at an operational level by decreasing its capital expenditure on IT infrastructure [19]. Public clouds are less secure than the other cloud models because it places an additional burden of ensuring all applications and data accessed on the public cloud are not subjected to malicious attacks. Therefore trust and privacy concerns are rife when dealing with Public clouds with the Cloud SLA at its core. B. Private Cloud A private cloud is set up within an organisation’s internal enterprise datacenter. It is easier to align with security, compliance, and regulatory requirements, and provides more enterprise control over deployment and use. In the private cloud, scalable resources and virtual applications provided by the cloud vendor are pooled together and available for cloud users to share and use. It differs from the public cloud in that all the cloud resources and applications are managed by the organisation itself, similar to Intranet functionality. Utilisation on the private cloud can be much more secure than that of the public cloud because of its specified internal exposure. Only the organisation and designated stakeholders may have access to operate on a specific Private cloud [20]. C. Hybrid Cloud A hybrid cloud is a private cloud linked to one or more external cloud services, centrally managed, provisioned as a single unit, and circumscribed by a secure network [20]. It provides virtual IT solutions through a mix of both public and private clouds. Hybrid Clouds provide more secure control of the data and applications and allows various parties to access information over the Internet. It also has an open architecture that allows interfaces with other management systems. . 3 CLOUD COMPUTING DELIVERY MODELS [18] The architecture of Cloud computing can be categorised according to the three types of delivery models, namely Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), Software as a service (SaaS) and Platform as a service (PaaS). A. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Infrastructure as a Service is a single tenant cloud layer where the Cloud computing vendor’s dedicated resources are only shared with contracted clients at a pay-per-use fee. This greatly minimizes the need for huge initial investment in computing hardware such as servers, networking devices and processing power. They also allow varying degrees of financial and functional flexibility not found in internal data centers or with co-location services, because computing resources can be added or released much more quickly and cost-effectively than in an internal data center or with a colocation service [21]. B. Software as a Service (SaaS) Software as a Service also operates on the virtualised and pay-per-use costing model whereby software applications are leased out to contracted organisations by specialised SaaS vendors. This is traditionally accessed remotely using a web browser via the Internet. Software as a service applications are accessed using web browsers over the Internet therefore web browser security is vitally important. Information security officers will need to consider various methods of securing SaaS applications. Web Services (WS) security, Extendable Markup Language (XML) encryption, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and available options which are used in enforcing data protection transmitted over the Internet. C. Platform as a Service (PaaS) Platform as a service cloud layer works like IaaS but it provides an additional level of â€Å"rented† functionality. Clients using PaaS services transfer even more costs from capital investment to operational expenses but must acknowledge the additional constraints and possibly some degree of lock-in posed by the additional functionality layers [20] . The use of virtual machines act as a catalyst in the PaaS layer in Cloud computing. Virtual machines must be protected against malicious attacks such as cloud malware. Therefore maintaining the integrity of applications and well enforcing accurate authentication checks during the transfer of data across the entire networking channels is fundamental. Figure 3. 1 CLOUD COMPUTING MAP [18] 3. 4 CLOUD SECURITY Cloud computing have many advantages in cost reduction, resource sharing and time saving for new service deployment. While in a cloud computing system, most data and software that users use reside on the Internet, which bring some new challenges for the system, especially security and privacy. Since each application may use resource from multiple servers. The servers are potentially based at multiple locations and the services provided by the cloud may use different infrastructures across organizations. All these characteristics of cloud computing make it complicated to provide security in cloud computing. To ensure adequate security in cloud computing, various security issues, such as authentication, data confidentiality and integrity, and non-repudiation, all need to be taken into account. The biggest challenge in implementing successful Cloud computing technologies is managing the security. As with any new technology enhancements, criticisms are driven by fear of unknown variables and changes to current control procedures. How can cloud stakeholders ensure and promote the security of Cloud computing? In the Cloud Computing Services Survey conducted during August 08/09 by IDC IT group [17], users were asked to rate their issues and challenges experienced with Cloud computing. The results illustrate that security is the biggest concern. Security is the main issue users are concerned with when considering Cloud computing solutions. CHAPTER FOUR 4. 1 APPLICATION OF BIOMETRICS IN CLOUD SECURITY One of the Security risks in cloud computing according to Garfunkel [23] is hacked passwords or data intrusion. If someone hacks a password they get control over the resources. They can manipulate the information or disable the services. Furthermore, there is a possibility for the user’s email (Amazon user name) to be hacked (see [24] for a discussion of the potential risks of email), and since Amazon allows a lost password to be reset by email, the hacker may still be able to log in to the account after receiving the new reset password [25]. As an excellent storage scheme for tenants’ big data, cloud computing has been a hot issue for a lot of consumers, generally, tenants’ different data should be processed by different security modes. Biometric authentication has the advantage of exclusive for tenant in data access. When any registered cloud tenant , want to access the data stored in cloud, first, he must pass the cloud system check such as cloud_sys_checker A Hybrid biometric method can be developed by fusing finger prints and voice biometric methods. The fused value can be used as signal sign on for multiple resources provided by cloud. This encrypted data is used for authentication 4. 2BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM AS A CLOUD SERVICE: The authentication service provider maintains the biometric data base . The data has to be stored in encrypted format using cryptography on biometric for the security reasons 4. 2. 1ARCHITECTURE BIOMETRICS AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM A secure data access scheme based on identity-based Encryption and biometric authentication for cloud communication Cloud Services1 CS1 Cloud Services1 CS3 Cloud Services1 CS2 Biometric Authentication Service Org1 User1 User2 †¦ Org2 User1 User2 Fig4. 1: Biometric Authenticating System in cloud [30]. The user initially enrols with the biometric system which is provided by a cloud, once the identity is registered his/her biometric authentication details are stored in cloud service provider database. The authorization details are also entered at the registration time which is also encrypted. Whenever the user wants to use any cloud service user first uses the biometric authentication service rather than a traditional password mechanism. Once authenticated, the user is redirected to the actual cloud service for which he is authorized to use. 4. 3 A PROPOSED METHOD [29] Step1: Setup cloud side parameters . Initialization On the cloud service side, given a security parameter 2. Key generation When tenants are registered in cloud computing providers, each tenant will obtain a unique identity to identify him or her. The phase generates private key corresponding to given registered ID of every tenant in cloud computing. Step2: Generate tenant’s biometric template Cloud computing i s a pervasive service environment for tenants, different tenants have different security requirement. To these tenants who have special security concern on data can generate their biometric template and be stored in cloud database. Biometric authentication must be needed when someone wants to access the data. Step3: Encrypt cloud data Input: cloud data (which is created by cloud tenants and stored in the database of cloud platform), a private key (the cloud service providers), and an ID (the cloud tenant who want to access the data); output: encrypted cloud data. Step4: Biometric authentication As an excellent storage scheme for tenants’ big data, cloud computing has been a hot issue for a lot of consumers, generally, tenants’ different data should be processed by different security modes. Biometric authentication has the advantage of exclusive for tenant in data access. Step4: Biometric authentication As an excellent storage scheme for tenants’ big data, cloud computing has been a hot issue for a lot of consumers, generally, tenants’ different data should be processed by different security modes. Biometric authentication has the advantage of exclusive for tenant in data access. When any registered cloud tenant say, p, want to access the data stored in cloud, first, he must pass the cloud system check such as cloud_sys_checker. Then, cloud tenants use registered identity ID to create their biometric template and all of the created templates are stored in cloud_sys_database. In cloud data access, cloud tenant p must pass the biometric authentication performed by biometric matcher in cloud computing. Step5: Decrypt cloud data Input: encrypted cloud data ciphertext (which is generated in Step3), an ID (the cloud service provider’s), a private key (the cloud tenant who want to access the data), and output: the corresponding plaintext i. e. cloud data. CHAPTER FIVE 5. 1 SUMMARY In summary, as Biometrics allow for increased security, convenience we can say that fused biometric authentication system will be novel solution for authenticating users on cloud computing ,which can be provided as service on cloud . By following guiding principles discussed in this paper, a great deal of insecurities may be easily expelled, saving business owners’ valuable time and investment. Cloud computing has the potential to become a frontrunner in promoting a secure, virtual and economically viable IT solution. Future work and progress lies in standardising Cloud computing security protocols 5. CONCLUSION . Authentication is necessary in Cloud Computing. In order to seek a secure data access method for cloud tenants, a proposed method presented a secure data access mechanism based on identity-based encryption and biometric authentication in this paper, the mechanism set double protection for confidential data of cloud tenants, encryption will make the tenants data secur e against the peekers and biometric authentication will eliminate the maloperations over tenants data by root administrator in cloud service. The security of data is maintained even though the same application is shared by multitenant. To ensure the correctness of users’ data in cloud data storage, an effective and flexible biometric is proposed. i believe that data storage security in Cloud Computing, an area full of challenges and of paramount importance, is still in its infancy now, and many research problems are yet to be identified. This proposed method can be implemented with more security by using strong biometric m easures like eye. REFERENCES [1] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Biometrics [2] J. L. Wayman, â€Å"Fundamentals of Biometric Authentication Xhtp:/ww. engr. sisu. edu/biometrics/nbtcw. p 4] http://www. fi. muni. cz/reports/files/older/FIMU-RS-2000-08. pdf [6] http://www. indexbiometrics. com/physiological_or_behavioral. htm [7] http://ntrg. cs. tcd. ie [8] Cernet. â€Å"CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS†. [online] available: http://www. ccert. edu. cn/education/cissp/hism/039-041. html. February 2013 [9] V. Vijaya Kumari and N. Suriyanarayanan. â€Å"Performance Measure of Local Operators in Fingerprint Detection. † Academic Open Internet Journal, vol. 23, pp. 1-7, (2008). [10] www. gao. gov/cgi-bin/getrpt? GAO-03-1137T. February 2013 [11] Jain, A. K. ; Ross, A. Pankanti, S. , â€Å"Biometrics: a tool for information security† Volume: 1 Issue: 2, Issue Date: June 2006, page(s): 125 – 143 [12] Michael E. Schuckers, â€Å"Some Statistical Aspects of Biometric Identification Device Performance†, 2001 [13] Sandra Maestre, Sean Nichols â€Å"DNA Biometrics†, 2009 [14] Massimo Tistarelli and Marks Nixon, â€Å"Advances In Biometrics†, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009, ISBN 03029743 [15]Erdogmus, H. : Cloud Computing: Does Nirvana Hide behind the Nebula? IEEE Software 26(2), 4–6 (2009) [16] Leavitt, N. : Is Cloud Computing Really Ready for Prime Time? Computer 42(1), 15–20(2009) [17] Gens F, 2009,’ New IDC IT Cloud Services Survey: Top Benefits and Challenges’,IDC eXchange, viewed 18 February 2010, Accessed online @ http://blogs. idc. com/ie/? p=730. February 2013 [18]Ramgovind S, Eloff MM, Smith E,† The Management of Security in Cloud Computing† [Online] Available: http://uir. unisa. ac. za/bitstream/handle/10500/3883/ramgovind. pdf;jsessionid=75882F66B5AF28B3D640A3C5F9CFD837? sequence=1 February 2013 [19] A Platform Computing Whitepaper, ‘Enterprise Cloud Computing: Transforming IT’, Platform Computing, pp6, viewed 13March 2010. 20]Global Netoptex Incorporated, 2009, â€Å"Demystifying the cloud. Important opportunities, crucial choices† , [online] pp 4-14 Available: http://www. gni. com, February 2013 [21] Brodkin J, 2008, ‘Gartner: Seven cloud-computing security risks’, Infoworld, Accessed online@ http://www. infoworld. com/d/security-central/gartner-seven-cloud computing-Security-risks-853? page=0,1 February 2013 [22] J. Ilonen, Keystroke dynamics, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, http://www. it. lut . fi/kurssit/03-04/010970000/seminars/Ilonen. pdf (2003) [23] S. L. Garfinkel, â€Å"An evaluation of amazon’s grid computing services: EC2, S3, and SQS†, Technical Report TR-08-07, Computer ScienceGroup, Harvard University, Citeseer, 2007 [24] S. L. Garfinkel, â€Å"Email-based identification and authentication: An alternative to PKI? â€Å", IEEE Security and Privacy, 1(6), 2003 [25] Cloud Computing Security: From Single to Multi-Clouds [Online] Available: http://ieeexplore. ieee. org/stamp/stamp. jsp? tp=arnumber=614956 February 2013 [26] Rahultech â€Å"IT trends-latest/recent trends in information technology† 2010[online] available: How to cite Applications of Biometrics in Cloud Security, Papers

Subject Deals In Ascertaining Sale of Property †Free Samples

Question: What Is The Deals In Ascertaining Sale Of Property? Answer: Introducation The present subject deals in ascertaining whether sale of property will be held assessable under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 (Robin Barkoczy 2016). As evident Smith and Jones are involved in the activities of business that relates to the property development. Furthermore, they also use the block of land for grazing sheep. It is understood from the case study that business experienced loss which them to subdivide the land and sell it. Laws: Below listed are the following laws that are considered in the context to the present case study which are as follows; FC of T v St Huberts Island Pty Limited 78; Section 995-1 of the ITAA 1997; Taxation ruling 92/3 Section 25 (1) of the ITAA 1997; Ferguson v FC of T (1979); Application: As held under division 70 of the ITAA 1997, selling of property will be regarded as the portion of business that is linked with development and such properties are regarded as trading stock (Barkoczy, 2016). Section 995-1 of ITAA describes business as a profession or trade of earning profit. The current issues that has ascended in this context is to ascertain the activities of business is associated with property development. On assessing the current situation, it is understood that the subdivided block of land cannot be regarded as land, which was initially acquired with the purpose of carrying trading stock. It is worth mentioning that Smith and Jones did not assimilated land with the purpose of reselling it. To execute the activities of sheep grazing Smith and Jones initially acquired the land, however on incurring loss they decided to subdivide the land into blocks so that they could earn profit. The income earned from the activities of business must be treated as isolated transactions and such transactions will be included for assessment as ordinary income defined under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 (Braithwaite and Braithwaite, 2016). Conferring to Para 6 of the taxation rulings 92/3 revenue received from isolated transaction is treated as ordinary income given that the taxpayer originally intended to sell the land in order to derive profit from the ordinary course of business. As held under FC of T v St Huberts Island Pty Limited 78 land can be treated as a portion of trading stock given the land was acquired with the intention of selling it again (Morgan et al., 2016). It is compulsory to own the purpose of earning profit at the time of obtaining capital asset. Upon viewing the nature of business, the subdivided block of land can be considered as inventory. On assessing the present case study, it is established that taxpayer primary objective was sheep grazing and they improved the land for that same purpose. Conclusion: Denoting to taxation rulings of 92/3 it is perceived that business of selling land will be considered for assessment under the heads of Isolated Transaction. The amount of earnings, which is generated from these transactions, will be held for assessment as ordinary income under section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997. Reference List: Barkoczy, S., 2016. Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Braithwaite, V. and Braithwaite, J., 2016. Managing taxation compliance: The evolution of the ATO Compliance Model. Morgan, A., Mortimer, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. A practical introduction to Australian taxation law 2016. Robin BarkoczyWoellner (Stephen Murphy, Shirley Et Al), 2016.Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

NCAA Tournament Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

NCAA Tournament Do you know what time it is? It's March Madness, the NCAA Mens Basketball Tournament. The time of the year when you see commercials on CBS announcing the Road to the Final Four, the pinnacle of the college basketball year. Each year 64 teams vie for a spot in the Final Four. Teams from the East, Midwest, Southwest, and West all compete for one spot from each division. The teams that play for one of these spots can be classified into four different groups. The Number 1 through 4 seeds, the Cinderella teams, the Bubble teams and the One Hit Wonders. The Number 1 through 4 seeds make up 1/4 of the tournament. These teams are the strongest teams in the nation and are usually figured to go to the Final Four. The teams ranked Number 1 in their bracket have the best chance of going to the Final Four. Since 1980 at least one Number 1seed has gone to the Final Four. The number one seeded team has also never been beaten in the first round of the NCAA tournament. The teams that are 1 through 4 this year, and figure to be playing for the National Championship, are Kentucky, UMass, Purdue, Georgetown, Cincinnati, Utah, Villanova, and Arizona. All of these teams had to have had tremendous regular seasons and conference tournaments to be seeded so high. On the other hand a "Cinderella" team is a team that had a so-so regular season and upset a higher ranked team in their conference tournament. They ride that wave of momentum into the Field of 64 and hope to upset another higher ranked team in the first and second rounds. These teams usually don't last farther than the Sweet Sixteen where their season usually comes to an end. Teams that can be classified into this group are the 10 through 14 seeds. Teams that fall into this category are Clemson, Virginia Commonwealth, Austin Peay, Cansius, and Santa Clara. Out of these "Cinderella" teams, many of them were teams "on the Bubble." These teams finished with a so-so regular season also but also had a so-so conference tournament. They had to sweat it out and hope for other teams to falter and the selection committee to be generous for these teams to make it. Once in the tournament these teams can be transformed into a Cinderella team by beating two higher seeded teams. Teams "on the Bubble" are ranked 7 through 9. The teams that can be classified into this category or groupings are Michigan, Stanford, Bradley, Wisconsin-Green Bay, and Eastern Michigan. That leaves the last grouping of teams. The One Hit Wonders. Their describes them perfectly. They usually upset one team then bow out of the tourney in the second round. The teams in this category might prematurely be labeled a "Cinderella" team, but after exiting the tournament in the second round they cannot be given this title. These teams can be ranked anywhere from 6 through 15. Teams from this group are Mississippi Valley, Louisville, Iowa, Indiana, Princeton, and Monmouth. So as one can see there are many different ways to view the teams from the Field of 64. From the Number 1's through Number 4's to the One-Hit Wonders there are many teams with a shot at winning the NCAA National Championship. You might ask, "Which team do you feel will win the National Championship?" I feel the National Championship will go to the Georgetown Hoyas ( a Number 2 seed ) out of the East.

Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take The WritePass Journal

Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take Introduction Actions that the MLRO of BCD should take ]. Cases C v S [1999] 2 All ER 343 Governer Company of the Bank of Scotland v A Ltd [2000] Lloyd’s Rep Bank 271, 287 K Ltd v National Westminster Bank plc [2007] 1 WLR 311 R (on the application of UMBS Online Ltd [2007] WL 1292620 SHAH and another v HSBC private bank (UK) Ltd (2009) EWHC 79 (QB) Squirrell Limited v National Westminster Bank plc (Customs and Excise Commissioners intervening [2006] 1 WLR 637

Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 - Essay Example Crash in the housing market also came under the occurrence in many regions of the world, as an outcome, a huge number of vacancies lingered. In addition, the crisis also played a vital role and made a deep impact in the breakdown of many businesses with falling off in consumer prosperity. The 2007 financial crisis is also termed as the Great Recession, the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), and Credit Crunch (Kolb, pp.77-139). The destruction of international financial institutions was outcome of the crash down of US housing bubbles, which lead to decline in the real estate pricing. Housing bubble is an economic bubble that arises in the local or international real estate market from time to time when the worth of the real estate properties faces a swift increase, which becomes unmatchable with the earnings and other economic factors. The financial crisis came to an end until mid of 2009, although it had left an indelible imprint across the globe that is still coming under experience. Ac cording to some research conducted by economists, it came under limelight that the crisis was completely manmade and was the result of wrong financial decisions. The stakeholders specifically the owners focused on the profit aspect of their business and neglected the risk factor involved in this profit making activity (United Nations, pp.1-10). In the years 2005-2006, the US housing bubble was packed, overcrowded and was at its highest point, which lead to the abrupt ground or the main cause due to which the crisis happened (Kolb, pp.77-139). The default rates that were high previously on subprime and adjustable rate mortgages further skyrocketed. The housing prices started to increase at a high percentage as banks started to provide the prospective mortgagee with more loans. Prospects were motivated by banks to take high loans ignoring the segment of interest rates, with a perspective and confidence that they would be able to repay the loans in less time. The housing prices dropped at a drastic speed as soon as the interest rates started climbing. Housing and credit upsurge lead to augmentation of various financial accords, namely mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDO) at an unprecedented rate. This caught the attention of the local and international investors and corporations to plunge in the US housing market as they observed an opportunity to make potential profits from this market. With the turn down in the housing value, innumerable people including the global investors/institutions, borrowers and investors in subprime MBS faced heavy and noteworthy losses. The decline in housing value was so severe that had they auctioned the house, the recovery of the mortgage price would not have been possible. In 2006, the lenders of the housing loans received an incentive of foreclosure. They approached the legal officials for the recovery of their money (Kolb, pp.77-139). The banking organizations got a financial power and they s tarted absorbing customers’ wealth to make for their losses. This crisis was not only come under observance in housing sector but other factions of the economy also experienced the same drastic effects. The main reason for the crisis includes a number of factors. The mortgages come under sanction to a huge number of people, without

Integrations and reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Integrations and reflection - Essay Example My skills and abilities to deal with numbers have also increased and I am now able to interpret figures well. This course has made me more confident in terms of handling statistical tools. During this session I was asked by my teacher to create a project that would encompass all the statistical methods and this would be used to analyze the data of real life organization. I tried my best to fulfill the conditions of the project but somehow I feel that I could have done better by incorporating more of statistical methods and getting them approved by my teacher before applying them on any real time data. I did not understand three topics related to the course that is ANOVA and regression, statistics survey, and probability. These topics I feel were not well explained by my teacher. These topics need further improvement according to me and I feel that it would be more beneficial if more problems are given in the class to be solved (Johnson & Kuby, 2011). These problems should be diverse so that students are able to apply maximum methods to derive solutions and interpret the results. In any course it is very essential to build a strong knowledge base as on it lays the future progress and development. I feel the best way to measure to future progress is by evaluating the level of understanding. If I opt for a career related to statistics then my marks would be a measuring tool for the outcomes of this course. The other factor is that this course would enable me to think towards a direction and choose a career that would help me to explore the skills that I gained through this course. I was able to achieve the outcomes of the course however I feel that I could have been more proficient with the statistical tools and methods. I was able to understand the different approaches in statistics and would be able to deal with problems efficiently in the future. The other learning outcome that I achieved is that of

Thomas Hobbes And Francis Bacon In English History History Essay

Thomas Hobbes And Francis Bacon In English History History Essay Considered one of the most turbulent times in English History, The 17th Century could actually be looked at as an age of tremendous intellectual and economic advancement in Great Britain. Despite friction over issues of religion and church and state domestically, the British population grew and its economy prospered. Commerce expanded throughout the globe as Great Britain successfully developed and extended trade and business. Some of historys most famous minds were both a part, and a product of Great Britains transition from an age of faith to one of reason. Thomas Hobbes was one of those famous minds and is now thought of as one of historys greatest natural law philosophers. (www.historyworld.net) Thomas Hobbs was born in England in April of 1588. He was reportedly born prematurely due his mothers fear of the news of the approaching Spanish Armada. Hobbes was the second son of a local clergyman, but his father never played a role in his life. There are varying accounts as to why his father abandoned the family in Hobbes youth, but he was nevertheless raised by a well-to-do uncle who supported his education and development. Hobbs started his schooling at 15 entering Magdalen College, Oxford, yet initially focused more attention on maps and charts. He graduated at 19 and soon served as private tutor to William Cavendish, a wealthy boy not much younger than Hobbes who later became the 2nd Earl of Devonshire. As Cavendishs tutor, Hobbes had the opportunity to travel and tutored Cavendish and his brother on the European Continent for several years. It was during this time that Hobbes broadened not only his world view, but more importantly his philosophical views. He studied the cla ssics and developed and increasing interest in politics and history. (www.notablebiographies.com) Hobbes association with the Cavendish family afforded him number of resources which probably played a large part in developing his scholarly pursuits. As a scholar, Hobbes first major work was a translation of Greek historian Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian Wars, in 1629. Hobbes indicated that he translated History of the Peloponnesian Wars during a period of civil unrest to remind political leaders of his day that the ancient scholars thought democracy to be the least effective form of government. Thucydides work represented that understanding the past was important in determining the proper course of action. Regarding Thucydides great History of the Peloponnesian Wars: Hobbes stated, For the principal and proper work of history being to instruct, and enable men by the knowledge of actions past to bear themselves prudently in the present and providently in the future, there is not extent any other (merely human) that doth more fully and naturally perform it (http://history.wisc.edu) In Hobbess view, one of the most significant intellectual events of his life occurred when he was forty when he stumbled upon a copy of Euclids geometry. His second work, A Short Treatise on First Principles, expressed his deep interest in the study of geometry. Hobbes went on to continue his travels throughout Europe and spent time with many of the most influential minds of his time. In France, he met with Mersenne and members of the scientific community including Gassendi and Descartes. In Italy, he spent time with Galileo. In order to escape the civil unrest in England, Hobbes spent the next eleven years in France and taught Mathematics to Charles, Prince of Wales. It was in the 1640s that Hobbes developed plans for future philosophical work. As Civil War was imminent in England, he was Inspired to write on issues related to society and published De Cive in Paris in 1642. Hobbes later published the same work in English under the title Philosophical Rudiments concerning Government and Society as the Commonwealth took hold of the government. The book was highly contentious as both sides of the civil war criticized its views. (www.philosophypages.com) In light of the developments in Paris, Hobbes feared France was no longer a safe haven for the English court in exile and returned to England in 1651. Upon his return he published one of his most famous works, Leviathan. In Leviathan, Hobbes contends that all human acts are self-serving, even if they appear to be altruistic, and that in a natural state which lacks the organization of government, human beings would act in a completely selfish manner. Hobbes believes that humans are basically equal from mental and physical perspectives and are therefore naturally likely to compete amongst one another ultimately resulting in conflict. He believed that democracy would inevitably fail because people are solely motivated by self-interest and that humans desire for power and wealth would only result in conflict of humans amongst themselves. Hobbes perspective was that governments were responsible for protecting the people from their own selfish nature. In Hobbes view, government would have power similar to that of a sea monster, or leviathan and saw a king as a necessary figure of authority. (Clarendon) Widely considered as one of the 17th centurys most influential natural law philosophers, Thomas Hobbes had a significant impact on British social, economic and political theory. Hobbes developed status in a variety of studies and shaped intellectual philosophy until this day. He was known as a scientist, as a mathematician, as a translator of the classics, as a writer on law, as a disputant in metaphysics and epistemology; not least, he became notorious for his writings and disputes on religious questions. (http://homepage.newschool.edu) However, it is as a result of his writings on politics and morality that he has been eternally remembered. Several of Hobbes many works were never published during his lifetime, among the titles that remained unpublished is: the tract on Heresy, and Behemoth: the History of the Causes of the Civil Wars of England, among others. Hobbes outlived many of his contemporaries and continued to write completing his autobiography when he was eighty-four years old. He finished Latin translations of the Iliad and the Odyssey in his final years, and in 1675 he left London to live with the Cavendish family in Derbyshire until his death at Hardwick on December 4, 1679. (www.egs.edu) 200px-Thomas_Hobbes_(portrait).jpg bacon.jpg Hobbes wasnt the only great philosopher to come out of the Elizabethan Age; Sir Francis Bacon was another leading natural philosopher during the period. Bacon was statesman, a lawyer, and Member of Parliament. His writings included subjects regarding questions of law, politics, and church and state. He also wrote on issues on which questioned societal and ethical norms in some of his most famous writings such as Essays or in his primary work on natural philosophy, The Advancement of Learning. (http://plato.stanford.edu) Francis Bacon was the son of Nicolas Bacon, the Lord Keeper of the Seal of Elisabeth I. He enrolled at Trinity College Cambridge at the age 12 and at an early stage of his development began to reject the common philosophical thought of the day which was generally based on Aristotelianism and Scholasticism. Bacons father passed when he was only 18, and as the youngest son he was left with very little financial means. Although Bacon is said to have had rich relatives, he received little assistance, yet he pursued studies in law and had became a member of the House of Commons by 23. (www.oregonstate.edu) Bacon went on to publish Essays, Colours of Good and Evil, and Meditationes Sacrae in 1597. After Queen Elizabeth 1st death and the rise of James I in 1603, Bacons political career began to grow. He was knighted in 1603 and several honors followed: Solicitor General in 1604, Attorney General in 1613, Lord Chancellor in 1618, Baron Verulam in 1618, and Viscount St. Albans in 1621. (http://bacon.thefreelibrary.com/) Under King James, Bacon was appointed to a number of posts, and like his father, was eventually given the title of Keeper of the Great Seal. He was unfortunately caught in the middle of a power struggle between the King and Parliament which resulted in Bacon having to forfeit his political status, honor, and much of his personal wealth. (www.oregonstate.edu) Only 5 days five days after he had been given the Viscount St. Albans title, he was accused of bribery in 1621. Bacon admitted to the charges and was subsequently banished from the court and received fines. Bacon never paid the fines, but his sentence was reduced and he was only confined to punishment in the tower for four days. Although the sentence had been reduced he would never again be able to hold political office for the rest of his life. Bacon later published Novum Organum, or True Directions Concerning the Interpretation of Nature. In this work Bacon suggested that it was time to let go of Aristotelian ideas and in doing so helped to establish the foundations for modern science and philosophy. Following his dismissal from the court, four additional books followed: Historia Ventorum, Historia Vitae et Mortis Augmentis Scientiarum and Apothegms. Some reports indicated that that Bacon assisted in editing the King James Bible, but that remains subject to debate until this day. There are groups that support, as well as dispute this claim, with equal numbers on either side of the debate. (http://science.jrank.org) Bacons contribution to contemporary thought focused greatly on the relationship between science and social philosophy. In Bacons view knowledge is power and that an expansion of knowledge and learning among individuals can help to offset many of societal issues. Many people in his time considered Bacon a genius. His work, which attempted to encompass the three realms of natural, human and divine existence, has had a significant impact on the study of history, law and philosophy. (www.findingdulcinea.com) In1626, Bacon attempted to test the impact of the cold on the decay of meat. In experimenting with stuffing a chicken with snow, he fell ill, developed pneumonia, and died on April 9th, 1626.

The Characters of Women in The Handmaids Tale and The Bell Jar Essay

Women in The Handmaid's Tale and The Bell Jar Sylvia Plath's renowned autobiographical legend "The Bell Jar" and Margaret Atwood's fictional masterpiece "The handmaid's tale" are the two emotional feminist stories, which basically involve the women's struggle. Narrated with a touching tone and filled with an intense feminist voice, both novels explore the conflict of their respective protagonists in a male dominated society. In spite of several extraordinary similarities in terms of influential characterization and emotive themes, both novels are diverse as far as their respective style, structure and setting is concerned. While Plath's preference of frequent flashback is admirable and absorbing, Atwood's choice of presenting her novel in terms of headed chapters that alternate between her peaceful past and chaotic present is, indeed, fascinating. On the contrary, although Atwood's symbolic style enriched with biblical metaphors is ironical and inspiring, Plath's touching use of meaningful motifs and descriptive imag ery suits its admiration as one of the best autobiographical fiction. "The Bell Jar" penned by Sylvia Plath, is a tragic tale of Esther Greenwood, her depressing experiences of life and social relationship and her eventual mental breakdown resulting with her attempts of committing suicide. On the other hand, Margaret Atwood's award winning novel "The Handmaid's Tale" depicts the haunting experiences of Gilead, where sexual repression and religious extremism was not uncommon. Both novels have female protagonist, who are victims of rape and sexual violence. Marco, a guy on a blind date with Esther, calls her a "slut" and tries to rape her, and Esther's struggle can be reveal... ...w did I know that someday . . . the bell jar, with its stifling distortions, wouldn't descend again?" (The Bell Jar, p.296). Conversely, the title of "The Handmaid's Tale" is straightforward which gives an initiative to the reader that it is a story of a handmaid struggling to survive in the midst of the cruelty. From the literary analysis of the novels it is evident that, both stories have similar themes and both authors used female characters to convey their feelings about feminist issues, especially in terms of loneliness and isolation. However, there are many diversities between these two stories, especially in terms of structure and style. In a nutshell, "The Bell Jar" and "The Handmaid's tale", are indeed, literary gems in the field of feminist literature that would definitely satisfy the literary thirst of their aspiring readers. The Characters of Women in The Handmaid's Tale and The Bell Jar Essay Women in The Handmaid's Tale and The Bell Jar Sylvia Plath's renowned autobiographical legend "The Bell Jar" and Margaret Atwood's fictional masterpiece "The handmaid's tale" are the two emotional feminist stories, which basically involve the women's struggle. Narrated with a touching tone and filled with an intense feminist voice, both novels explore the conflict of their respective protagonists in a male dominated society. In spite of several extraordinary similarities in terms of influential characterization and emotive themes, both novels are diverse as far as their respective style, structure and setting is concerned. While Plath's preference of frequent flashback is admirable and absorbing, Atwood's choice of presenting her novel in terms of headed chapters that alternate between her peaceful past and chaotic present is, indeed, fascinating. On the contrary, although Atwood's symbolic style enriched with biblical metaphors is ironical and inspiring, Plath's touching use of meaningful motifs and descriptive imag ery suits its admiration as one of the best autobiographical fiction. "The Bell Jar" penned by Sylvia Plath, is a tragic tale of Esther Greenwood, her depressing experiences of life and social relationship and her eventual mental breakdown resulting with her attempts of committing suicide. On the other hand, Margaret Atwood's award winning novel "The Handmaid's Tale" depicts the haunting experiences of Gilead, where sexual repression and religious extremism was not uncommon. Both novels have female protagonist, who are victims of rape and sexual violence. Marco, a guy on a blind date with Esther, calls her a "slut" and tries to rape her, and Esther's struggle can be reveal... ...w did I know that someday . . . the bell jar, with its stifling distortions, wouldn't descend again?" (The Bell Jar, p.296). Conversely, the title of "The Handmaid's Tale" is straightforward which gives an initiative to the reader that it is a story of a handmaid struggling to survive in the midst of the cruelty. From the literary analysis of the novels it is evident that, both stories have similar themes and both authors used female characters to convey their feelings about feminist issues, especially in terms of loneliness and isolation. However, there are many diversities between these two stories, especially in terms of structure and style. In a nutshell, "The Bell Jar" and "The Handmaid's tale", are indeed, literary gems in the field of feminist literature that would definitely satisfy the literary thirst of their aspiring readers.